


CTC NEWS - January 1993 Edition  (Vol. 5, number 1)


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New OAQPS Control Cost Manual Supplement Available

By William M. Vatavuk, CEIS/SDB/ESD, OAQPS

     The Cost and Economic Impact Section, Standards Development
Branch, Emission Standards Division, has recently completed the
second supplement to the OAQPS Control Cost Manual  (Fourth
Edition, January 1990).  This supplement (EPA 450/3-90-006b)
consists of a new chapter, Chapter 9 (Gas Absorbers ).  Like the
parent report, Supplement 2 is unbound, to make it easier to insert
the pages into a three-ring binder.
     Like the other Manual chapters, Chapter 9 is self-contained.
It discusses: (1) the types of packed column gas absorbers used in
air pollution control; (2) the theory underlying their operation
and design; (3) basic sizing procedures; and (4) current data and
procedures for estimating capital and annual costs.  In particular,
the chapter contains 1991 column and packing costs, which are
correlated with appropriate sizing parameters (e.g., column height
and diameter).  Also included is a comprehensive example problem
that illustrates these sizing and costing procedures.  Finally,
Chapter 9 contains a table of contents, list of references, and
three appendices.  Appendixes A and B include physical properties
for common pollutants and characteristics for selected packing
types, respectively, while Appendix C discusses an alternative
column sizing procedure.
     Copies of this new supplement will automatically be sent to
all those who have ordered the cost manual or the first supplement
to the manual through the CTC.  Other government agency personnel
can request a free copy by filling out the enclosed CTC document
ordering form and checking reference number 90.  Optionally, orders
will be accepted on the CTC HOTLINE.  Private sector requesters are
asked to order copies directly from NTIS.  Finally, please direct
any questions about the Manual to William M. Vatavuk at
(919)-541-5309 (fax: 919/541-4028).

================================================================


AIRWAVES

By Bob Blaszczak,
CTC Co-Chair, AEERL

     Happy New Year!  After all, this is the January 1993 edition
of the CTC NEWS, even though you probably didnt receive it until
March.  We are having significant problems getting the CTC NEWS out
on schedule.  A new level of bureaucracy has been installed in
regard to printing and we have not done a very good job coping with
it.  I was considering a New Years resolution to get the CTC NEWS
out on time, but the potential for success is very low.  On the
other hand, the next edition is not due until the end of April.  It
may outlive my other resolutions by several months.
     Page 5 of this edition is the annual CTC document ordering
form.  The list includes only those documents completed within the
last 18 months.  If you would like a complete list of CTC projects,
check reference number 48 on the ordering form.  To order, just cut
out the form, check the documents you need, enter your mailing
address, fold in half, staple or tape it closed, and apply first
class postage.  CTC products are available to government agencies
free of charge.  Others should order documents through the National
Technical Information Service (NTIS) by calling (703) 487-4650 and
using the NTIS document number (begins with PB ) on the ordering
form.  Please order only those documents you need!
     Demand for the Evaluation and Costing of NOx Controls for
existing Utility Boilers in the NESCAUM Region,  the subject of the
lead article in the last edition of the CTC News, has been
overwhelming.  Requests have exceeded our internal capability to
reproduce the document and a request to print additional copies
externally has been approved.  The new printing should be available
in late February.  Copies should be available from NTIS by early
February.  We are also attempting to provide a downloadable version
on the CTC BBS.  The Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use
Management (NESCAUM) is also distributing copies for a fee
(non-profit/gov. agencies  $50; others  $75). NESCAUM can be
reached at (617) 367-8540.  Thank you for your patience.
Have a good year!

=================================================================



RBLC Requests state/local agency help

By Joe Steigerwald, CTC/OAQPS

     In October 1992, the RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC)
Information System (BLIS) moved from the National Computer Center
(NCC) IBM computer to the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards Technology Transfer Network (OAQPS TTN) bulletin board
system (BBS).  Since the move, the number of weekly accesses to
BLIS has increased by almost an order of magnitude.  However, the
environment and the number of accesses were not the only things
that changed.  Numerous new data elements were added to the BLIS
system and users were given the power to use these new data
elements to better specify their exact data requirements when
searching the database.  This created a problem:  even though space
was created in the database for the new data, all of the new data
fields were empty.  Thus, having the ability to search on them
doesnt do anyone any good!
     To alleviate this problem, the Clearinghouse is sending to
each Local/State/Regional air pollution control agency a printout
of all of the data that each agency currently has in the Current
BLIS Database (i.e., data submitted and entered since June 1988)
and requesting that the agency review the data and add any missing
data.  Most importantly, we are asking that all of the searchable
data fields be filled in (where applicable).  The data fields of
highest importance are:

     AIRS ID number
     EPA ID number
     Source Classification Code (SCC)
     Source Industrial Classification (SIC) code
     Agency permit number
     The basis fo the limit (i.e., BACT-PSD, BACT-Other, LAER,
          RACT, etc.)

It is imperative that the searchable fields be filled in correctly
and completely.  A complete list of all of the searchable items may
be found in the BLIS Users Manual or on the BLIS BBS.  In the
future, no new data entries to BLIS will be promoted to the
permanent BLIS database unless all of the applicable searchable
data fields are completely filled out.
     Now, the submitting agency has two choicesthey may mark up
the copy sent to them and return it, or they may directly access
the current BLIS database by signing onto the OAQPS TTN BLIS BBS
and entering the changes directly into the database.  Each
pollution control agency in the U.S. should have received a yellow
registration card in the mail early in October requesting the name
of the authorized user at that agency.  This user(s) will have the
authority to edit his or her agencys entries in BLIS.  (See the
related article in the edition of the CTC NEWS which discusses the
capabilities of the BLIS Edit system.)  If you are unsure who the
authorized person at your agency is, or would like to become the
authorized user at your agency, please contact me at (919) 541-2736
for more information.


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CTC ACTIVITY HITS NEW HIGH

By Bob Blaszczak, CTC Co-Chair

     The stats are in for the fiscal year ending September 30,
1992.  Access to CTC services increased 80% over FY91.  You, our
clients, connected with the CTC over 15,000 times last year.  The
biggest increase (413%) was in access to the CTC electronic
bulletin board.  See the summary table for more details.  We expect
continued growth in FY93.  Use of the RACT/BACT LAER Clearinghouse
Information System (BLIS) has increased dramatically since it moved
to the OAQPS Technology Transfer Network bulletin board last
September.  In the first quarter of FY93 alone, BLIS had 50% more
users than all of FY92!  As the focus point for the Federal Small
Business Assistance Program, we also expect increased CTC HOTLINE
and project activity as this program is implemented.  In addition,
interest in global warming will stimulate CTC HOTLINE activity and
document requests as the CTC provides access to the Global
Greenhouse Gasses Technology Transfer Center and its products at
the Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory.

Thank you for using the CTC.


==============================================================


The BLIS Edit Option

By Jo Ann Kerrick, ViGYAN

     One of the significant enhancements that was added when BLIS
moved to the TTN BBS is the Edit function.  Edit allows designated
users to input and update their agencys RACT/BACT/LAER
determinations directly, rather than mailing input forms to EPA
Headquarters for subsequent entry or correction.  This new
capability gives BLIS users timely access to the latest
determination information.  To use the Edit function, users will
need to contact the BLIS System Operator at (919)541-2736 to
establish a BLIS edit password and update authority.  These
security features ensure that only those persons responsible for
determinations can add or change them.
     To access the Edit function, choose option <E> from the BLIS
Data Base menu.  You will be prompted to enter your password, which
BLIS uses to establish access to the determinations which you may
edit. Select the BLIS database, and then from the Record Selection
menu you may add a new determination, edit an existing one or view
the list of BLIS IDs available to be edited.  Any additions or
changes you make with Edit are stored in a transient database. 
Periodically, the BLIS System Operator will review the entries in
this transient database.  Determinations that are accurate and
complete will then be promoted to the permanent BLIS database. 
This procedure is designed to insure the integrity of the BLIS
database.
     To edit an existing determination, you may either choose
option <E> and enter the BLIS ID or select option <L> to choose a
BLIS ID from the list of all the determinations for which you have
update authority.  Both facility or process/pollutant level data
may be viewed and edited.  When you edit facility level data, the
system displays the facility information on the top of the screen
and the editing options at the bottom (see figure).  Choose option
<E> to update the facility information.  The editable fields will
be highlighted for you to make changes as required.  Option <C>
designates the determination as complete or incomplete.  Use this
to alert the BLIS System Operator when the updated record is ready
for inclusion in the permanent BLIS database.  Use option <D> if
you want to abandon your changes to a detemination.  If you have
any questions about what to enter, press <F1> for context-sensitive
help.  Process and pollutant level data are edited in much the same
way.  Make your selection from the options displayed at the bottom
of the screen.  To add new determinations, choose <A> at the Record
Selection menu. BLIS will automatically assign a unique BLIS ID to
the new determination and lead you through the data entry screens. 
BLIS is designed to be used as a tracking tool while a
determination or permit is being developed, so you will be able to
add a determination even if all the information is not complete. 
You must, however, enter the facility name and at least one process
and one pollutant.  Because processes cannot be added to an
existing determination, do not add a new determination until you
are certain that all processes have been identified.
     The Edit function works with the same levels of data that are
found in the View options of the Query function: facility, process
and pollutant.  This commonality is designed to make the new
function easy to learn and use.  Try it out the next time you have
a new or updated determination.  On-line data entry will give all
of us access to the most up-to-date RACT/BACT/LAER information.  If
you have any questions or problems while using Edit or any other
function in BLIS, call the System Operator at (919) 541-2736 for
assistance.

=================================================================



IAPCS Cost Model Available Soon on CTC Bulletin Board

By Norman Kaplan, AEERL

     In the near future, EPAs Integrated Air Pollution Control
System (IAPCS) cost model program will be available through the
OAQPS Technology Transfer Network (TTN) on the CTC bulletin board. 
This user friendly computer model, developed by the Air and Energy
Engineering Research Laboratory over the past decade, can be used
to estimate the cost of 15 pollution control technologies (and
combinations of these) for SO2, NOx, and particulate matter
pollution control systems for coal-fired power plants ranging in
size from 100 to 1300 MWe.  It operates on an IBM or compatible PC
and requires 640K of RAM and 1.5 Mb of disk storage.
     Potential users of the model (including federal, state, and
local pollution control regulators, architectural/engineering
firms, utility companies, and public utility commissions) may use
it to generate preliminary pollution control designs, control
system cost estimates, system cost comparisons, and sensitivity
studies. Inputs to the model consist of coal-fired boiler
characteristics, coal analysis, desired control technologies,
pollution control design criteria, and economic assumptions.  The
model contains default values for all but a few inputs so that the
model will function reasonably without user input on all of the
possible variables.  Outputs from the model include pollution
control design performance, material and energy balances, emission
summary, capital cost, annual cost, and cost per unit of pollutant
removed (e.g., $/ton SO2).  Cost outputs can be obtained in any
year constant or current dollars, by using chemical engineering
cost indexes or inflation rates input by the user.
     Version 4.0 of the model (PB91 506469), consisting of a users
manual, a technical documentation manual, and a diskette containing
the executable files, is currently available through NTIS
(Telephone: 703-487-4650).  When installed on the TTN, the model
and some of the documentation will be more readily available.
     Norman Kaplan, Project Officer Tel: (919) 541-2556   


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Tech notebook, HAP-PRO Tips

By Lyndon Cox, Senior Environmental Employee

     The purpose of the Hazardous Air Pollutant Program (HAP-PRO)
is to assist permit engineers in reviewing applications for control
of air toxics.  The CTC HOTLINE has received some interesting
comments on HAP-PRO, and we feel that our readers may be interested
in them.
     A major error of numerous users of HAP-PRO involves the
selection of input parameters and the use of default values.  If
the initial answer given by HAP-PRO seems to be unreasonable, it
may indicate that the input parameters are defining a design point
away from the optimum.  The most common cause is the use of default
values.
     For example, one caller on the CTC HOTLINE defined an emission
stream of 5,000 cfm containing 3,000 ppm of toluene, and selected
a carbon adsorber (CA) as the control device.  He then ran the
calculations using the default values for the CA input parameters.
The shocking result was the need for a 982 HP fan motor, with a
huge electric bill!  When he called us, we examined the calculation
and then looked for the sensitive parameters.
     A staff expert pointed out that the default time for drying
and cooling was much shorter than optimum for this control device.
Increasing the number of containers of carbon and lengthening the
drying and cooling time, reduced the fan motor requirement to 16
HP. This was much more affordable.
     Optimization around a suitable design point can minimize cost,
but if the default values define a design point too far away from
the optimum, the answer will 
blow up  and not be reasonable.
     Another area of concern is entering data.  When entering data
into a HAP-PRO record, note that the number of emission streams is
defined in the FACILITY area.  Defining the type of emission stream
will also define the types of control devices which can be chosen.
     The Users Manual gives directions for the change of emission
stream type, but fails to tell how to change the control device. 
However, to change the type of control device for an emission
stream, you must first change the type of emission stream.  
     To compare different types of control deices on the same
emission stream, you must define each alternative as a separate
emission stream.
     HAP-PRO is a very useful tool.  However, like all tools, a
good product depends upon knowing how to use it. 


===================================================================


James D. Kilgroe - CTC Incinerator Expert

By Lisa Florer, Acurex Environmental

     More than just an expert on incineration, James D. Kilgroes
knowledge ranges from aerospace engineering to the martial art of
Tae Kwon Do.  Since 1971, Jim has enhanced EPAs research in
developing and demonstrating technologies for controlling air
pollution from municipal waste combustors (MWCs) and other
stationary sources.  He is one of the many individuals in the Air
and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL) who embodies
EPAs institutional memory.
     After earning his bachelors of science in mechanical
engineering from the University of Missouri at Columbia, Jim worked
in the aerospace industry with General Dynamics, United Technology
Corporation (UTC), and Technology Incorporated.  While with General
Dynamics, he worked at Vandenberg Air Force Base (the Pacific
missile test range) where he was responsible for evaluating ground
and flight tests of the Atlas intercontinental missile and space
launch systems.  At UTC, he was initially involved in advanced
rocket design and mission analysis and later, combustion research.
He completed his masters degree in mechanical engineering at the
University of Santa Clara while working full time at UTC.  In 1967,
he joined Technologies, Inc. and directed research on a NASA
contract in the Stanford University Hypersonic Wind Tunnel.  At the
same time, Jim began research at the University of Santa Clara on
the use of methanol as an alternative fuel, the first work in the
United States on the use of methanol for reducing air pollution
from motor vehicles.
     Having turned his work in a new direction, Jim joined EPA in
1971.  His initial assignments at the Control Systems Laboratory (a
predecessor of AEERL) were related to developing technology for
controlling particulate emissions from stationary sources and
municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion.  He was the Project Officer
on the St. Louis Project, which successfully demonstrated the
production and subsequent burning of refused derived fuel (RDF) in
utility boilers.  During the same period, he directed tests on a
municipal waste incinerator in Newton, Massachusetts to reduce
emissions by improving combustion conditions.
     In the mid-1970s, his work shifted again as he became manager
of EPAs coal cleaning program.  He managed the coal cleaning
program and projects on the assessment of coal resources until the
early 1980s.  In this capacity, he directed cooperative research
with the Department of Interior, Department of Energy, the
Tennessee Valley Authority, the U.S. Geological Survey, and various
contractor organizations.  In the early 1980s, he also worked on
dry scrubber and limestone injection multistage burner (LIMB)
technology development projects.
     In 1985, his experience in incineration and pollution control
technologies resulted in his involvement in a working group
assembled to assess the risks and status of municipal waste
incineration.  This group directed the preparation of a
seven-volume report to Congress in 1987.  Jim was a major
contributor in this effort.  In July of 1987, the Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) decided to set new air
emissions regulations for MWCs.  Jim was recruited as a member of
the working group responsible for managing a supporting program at
AEERL.  This program involved field tests at seven sites, the
development of the technical basis for good combustion practices,
and in-house laboratory research on combustion and flue gas
cleaning technology.
     His most recent work involved field test projects at two MWCs
to evaluate a special method to control mercury emissions by
injecting activated carbon into the flue gas ahead of dry
scrubbers.  Along with coordinating in-house research activities,
Jim is currently conference chairman for the Third International
Municipal Waste Combustion Conference to be held in Williamsburg,
Virginia, March 30  April 2, 1993.  He is responsible for
developing the technical program and is heavily involved with
planning various aspects of the conference.
     Since its inception, the CTC has used Jims expertise.  Jim has
watched as CTC calls increase and decrease with the rise and fall
of public concern.  In reviewing his career, he recalls that a 
hot  topic of concern when he first joined EPA was control of 
smoke  from incineration.  Most of these incinerators were
subsequently shut down because they were poorly designed and
operated.  The 1970s concerns related to energy consumption and the
over-dependence  on foreign oil.  As a consequence, people began to
look for new ways to use waste, including energy and material
recovery.  In the 1980s, CTC callers focused on harmful toxic or
hazardous emissions from MWCs and other emission sources.  Jim
views the CTC as a very effective means of assisting people dealing
with the technical and economic problems associated with air
pollution control.
     Jim has documented his work in more than 50 publications and
has traveled all over the world the United States, Canada, Germany,
Japan, Russia, Ukraine, Italy, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden, and
Scotland to conduct tests, visit plants, discuss technology
developments, present papers, and attend conferences.  His hobbies
include tennis, reading, and staying in shape; he recently earned
a first degree black belt in Tae Kwon Do.


==========================================================



CTC ASSISTANCE

No cost assistance to staff of State and Local agencies and EPA
Regional Offices on air pollution control technology issues.

CTC HOTLINE:  CALL (919) 541-0800 to access EPA expert staff for
consultations, references to pertinent literature, or access to EPA
technical data and analyses.  No question is too simple!

ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE PROJECTS:  If you need in-depth assistance
concerning a specific control technology problem, call the  HOTLINE
or write the CTC.  EPA staff and contractors are available for
short-term projects such as review of proposed or existing control
technology applications.  Projects are subject to CTC Steering
Committee approval.

TECHNICAL GUIDANCE PROJECTS:  If the CTC receives a number of
similar HOTLINE calls or a joint request from a group of agencies,
the CTC Steering Committee may undertake broad,  long-term projects
of national or regional interest.  The result may be a control
technology document for a particular type of source, microcomputer
software, or seminars and workshops.

CTC BBS:  Call (919) 541-5742 for 1200/2400/9600 baud modem, to
access the CTC Bulletin Board.  Set communications parameters to 8
data bits, N parity, and 1 stop bit.  You may leave HOTLINE
requests, order documents, suggest projects, and download software. 
The BBS is part of the OAQPS Technology Transfer Network.

FEDERAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (FSBAP):  Call the CTC
HOTLINE to access the FSBAP.  The CTC is the focal point for
coordination of efforts among the four EPA centers participating in
the program.  The Federal program is intended to support State
Small Business Assistance Programs, as required by the Clean Air
Act.

RACT/BACT/LAER CLEARINGHOUSE (RBLC):  The Clearinghouse provides
summary information for control technology determinations made by
permitting agencies.  BLIS, the database portion of the
Clearinghouse,  is available on the OAQPS TTN.   (See CTC BBS for
more information.)

GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER (GGGTTC):
Call the CTC HOTLINE to access GGGTTC information on greenhouse gas
emissions, prevention, mitigation, and control strategies.

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CTC NEWS ---- APRIL 1993 EDITION  (Vol. 5, number 2)


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A I R W A V E S

By Bob Blaszczak
CTC Co-Chair, OAQPS

     Well its April 1 and Im writing the last article for the April
edition of the CTC NEWS.  I guess we have a shot at getting this
edition out on time (i.e., in April).  Were adapting to new
procedures and using a new printing contract that has a quick
turnaround.  Do you think its a coincidence that its April 1 and Im
getting this optimistic line from my staff?

     As usual the January edition of the CTC NEWS with a CTC
product order form has spawned many requests for CTC documents,
software, etc.  Based on our experience in previous years, we have
tried to bolster our inventories to meet the crunch; however, some
delays are inevitable, so please be patient.  Weve also noticed
very few requests for everything on the list or multiple copies of
things.  Thank you for requesting just what you need!  That helps
a lot.

     This years CTC budget for projects is a lot less than those of
previous years, but we still have enough resources to handle a few
good projects.  If you have a specific need for CTC engineering
assistance or would like to have technical guidance on a particular
source type or control technology, call the HOTLINE or leave a
suggestion on the CTC BBS.  But dont wait too long.  Once summer
rolls around things will get very tight.


Weve been getting a lot of requests for the status/schedule for
CTGs, ACTs, and MACT standards.  One caller suggested that we
include this kind of information in the CTC NEWS.  Another thought
would be to make it available on the CTC BBS as a read/downloadable
item.  Were looking into the possibility of doing one or both of
these.  You should be aware that most scheduled
proposals/promulgations for the January-March time frame were not
met. Some technical problems along with the change in
administration (i.e., new people at EPA Headquarters and OMB) are
contributing factors.  If you have any ideas or opinions on making
this kind of information available through the CTC, please let us
know.

     I attended a New Source Review Simplification Workshop in
March.  There was a lot of interest in the RACT/BACT/LAER
Clearinghouse, especially its data base, BLIS.  Most attendees were
not aware of the many improvements to BLIS that have been made over
the last year or ongoing efforts to make it better.  Three of the
major new improvements underway are: improved data (more complete
and better quality); statistical ranking of determinations for
specific processes based on controlled emission rate; and a
regulation data base (summaries of all EPA emission standards and
provisions for State and local agencies to include summaries of
selected rules at their discretion).  We need your constructive
criticism on the Clearinghouse.  Please let us know what you think
of the current system and planned improvements, and how we can make
it better.  Most of all we need your determinations.  Please call
the HOTLINE and ask for Joe or Bob to share your thoughts or if you
need help accessing/using the Clearinghouse.

     Have a good day!


---------------------------------------------------------------



ACT FOR BAKERY OVEN EMISSIONS

By Martha Smith
CPB/ESD/OAQPS

The EPAs Alternative Control Technology Document for Bakery Oven
Emissions  (EPA 453/R-92-017) was completed this winter by the
Chemicals and Petroleum Branch, Emission Standards Division, OAQPS. 
This ACT document was developed in response to a request by the
industry to provide a more uniform information base for use by
regulatory agencies and the industry when considering VOC control
requirements. 
     
The information in this document pertains to bakeries that produce
bread, rolls, buns, and similar products, but not those that
produce crackers, pretzels, sweet goods, or baked foodstuffs that
are not yeast-leavened.  There are about 600 large commercial
bakeries in the United States and most are located near population
centers.  About 23 ovens nationally have installed emission control
devices, primarily to respond to RACT, BACT or LAER requirements.
     The ACT document provides information on the baking process,
potential emissions from baking, and potential emission control
options.  The primary VOC emitted is ethanol; however, small
amounts of other alcohols, esters and aldehydes are also produced
in the baking process as the yeast ferments.  Yeast fermentation of
100 lbs of sugar produces 47 lbs of CO2, 49 lbs of ethanol, and 4
lbs of glycerol, organic acids, and various minor compounds.  Based
on recently gathered emission data, the ACT provides a predictive
equation for total VOC emissions.  This equation for VOC emissions
will be used in the next revision to AP-42.
     
The ACT presents an excellent overview of typical baking processes,
equipment, operating parameters, emission sources, emission stream
characteristics, emission estimates, techniques for determining
emissions and regulations currently affecting VOC emissions from
bakeries.  The document also evaluates the following emission
control techniques:  various oxidation/incineration techniques: 
carbon adsorption; scrubbing; condensation; biofiltration; and
process and formulation changes.  Catalytic and regenerative
oxidation were determined to be technically feasible options that
could achieve a 98% destruction efficiency.  However, catalytic
oxidation was determined to be more cost effective.  See Figures 1
and 2 for plots of cost effectiveness ($/ton VOC removed) vs. oven
heat input for catalytic and regenerative oxidation, respectively. 

     The ACT document is extremely useful in gaining a
comprehensive understanding of the baking industry, estimating a
facilitys emissions, identifying emission points to consider for
control, and determining which control devices have demonstrated
acceptable cost and emission reduction.  Government agencies can
get a free copy by calling the CTC HOTLINE.  Others can order it
through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) by
calling (800) 553-6847.  The NTIS document number is PB93-157618.



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SEARCHING THE RBLC: TRICKS OF THE TRADE

By Joe Steigerwald
OAQPS/EPA

     Doing a search on the BLIS database does not require a lot of
mystical mumbo-jumbo.  It does, however, involve dead chickens and
dried eye of newt  (just kidding!).  All it requires is a little
knowledge of how the system is structured and a little common
sense.  Just sign into the OAQPS TTN, select BLIS from the main
menu, and select the BLIS Database option in the lower left hand
corner of the screen.  Choose the Query option and the database
that you want to search and youre ready to go.
     The first thing to remember is that all of the data in the
BLIS database are broken down into three levels:  facility;
process; and pollutant.  The facility level data are not used much
in searching unless youre looking for a certain company, or data
from a specific EPA Region, State, or agency.  The most useful data
are at the process level and thats the level that Ill discuss
today.
     The primary items that will be searched at the process level
are the Process Type Code (PTC) and the Process Name.  If you know
the PTC for the process youre interested in, youre golden!  Just be
sure to search all three databases - Historical, Current, and
Transient - if youre having trouble finding anything.  However, if
you are unsure of what the PTC is, a complete list of PTCs are
available for downloading in the Downloading Software section of
the BLIS BBS and an interactive listing is available from the HELP
function within the database portion of BLIS.  (To use the
interactive listing hit the F1 key from the screen that requests
the actual value of the PTC and select R for a listing of the major
PTCs.  Select the one youre interested in and a detailed list of
PTCs appears.)
     The other item commonly searched at the process level is the
Process Name.  The best advice here is to use the CONTAINS (word
search) clause as the operator and keep the string that youre
looking for unique to the process and keep it short.  This is good
advice whenever youre doing a word search in BLIS, whether it be on
the Facility Name, the Process Name, the Control Equipment, or
Process Modification field.  For example, if you are looking for an
incinerator, try searching on the string INCIN.  This will find
incinerator, incineration, or the abbreviation incin. without
having to do three separate searches.  If you need a specific fuel
type or a general piece of equipment with specific characteristics,
try searching on a short, general string first then move towards
more specific short strings in subsequent searches.  The type of
searches that you want to avoid are those like "gas-fired
incinerator."  The more specific you are in the character string
that the system searches for, the fewer items it will return.
     That really takes care of the information that can be searched
at the Process level.  Though there are only two items there,
searches on these two items either alone or in conjunction with
another item such as the Pollutant Name should be able to take care
of the majority of your search needs. (HINT:  For Pollutant Name
use the abbreviation [PM, NOX, VOC, etc.] unless it is a pollutant
like formaldehyde or toluene, and then use the CONTAINS clause and
only part of the name.)
     If you have a specific problem finding something that you
think should be in the database, but cant seem to locate, give me
a call at (919) 541-2736 and Ill see if I can think of a way to
structure the search. Happy searching!



--------------------------------------------------------------------


Error in CTC Iron Foundry Report 

By Bob Blaszczak
CTC Co-Chair, OAQPS

     A significant error has been discovered in the CTC report 
Emission Factors for Iron Foundries  Criteria and Toxic Pollutants, 
EPA-600/2-90-044.  The error affects the values in Table 3, page
16.  The error resulted from the conversion of data from the
reference, which was in mg/m3, to mg/Mg iron produced.  The error
resulted from multiplying the concentration by the sampler flowrate
instead of by the stack flowrate.  The values presented in Table 3
need to be multiplied by as much as 2,400 up to 12,000 times,
depending on the sample and stack flows in each test.
     The approximate error factors for each of the columns in Table
3 are:

      Electric Arc Furnaces - 7,200
      Cupola - 6,400
      Inoculation - 2,400
      Pouring - 12,000
      Green Sand Shakeout - 7,000

A correction to the report will be issued soon and sent to all
recipients.  For more information, please call the CTC HOTLINE.

-----------------------------------------------------------------


Explosive/Radioactive Waste Site Remediation

By Justice Manning
CERI/ORD

EPAs Office of Research and Development and the Department of
Defense (DOD) are co-sponsoring a seminar series entitled, 
Technologies for Remediating Sites Contaminated with Explosive and
Radioactive Wastes.   The seminars are scheduled for four locations
throughout the country in July and August.

The development of the national defense weapons systems, aircraft
control systems, and space exploration equipment has resulted in
the contamination of air, soil, and ground water with explosives
and radioactive wastes.  EPA and DOD site restoration programs may
require the remediation of contamination through a variety of
treatment and disposal technologies.  In addition, the military
services use open burning/open detonation, static firing, and/or
incineration to demilitarize propellants, explosives, and
pyrotechnics.  These activities may be regulated under Subpart X,
40CFR264, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) for the
protection of human health and the environment.
     
Technologies, sampling techniques, and analytical methods
applicable to remediation, as well as compliance with the technical
requirements of RCRA, will be the focus of these seminars.  This
seminar series will not focus on risk assessment, public health and
the environment, nor public health and environmental cleanup
criteria.
     
The seminar is free.  However, registration will be limited to
about 200 attendees.  If you are inteested in attending you should
contact Heike Milhench at (617) 674-7319 for further information or
to register.  The dates for the seminars are:

      July 20-21, 1993   Sacramento, California

      July 22-23, 1993   Dallas, Texas

      August 24-25, 1993 Newark, New Jersey

      August 26-27, 1993 Washington, DC area



----------------------------------------------------------------


Organic AIR Emissions from TSDFs

By Justice Manning
CERI/ORD

     The EPAs 
Seminar Publication: Organic Air Emissions from Waste Management
Facilities  (EPA-625/R-92-003) is now available.  The publication
contains presentations from a series of waste management seminars
sponsored by EPAs Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
(OAQPS) and Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI),
with support from the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 
The seminars focused on control technologies and recently proposed
and promulgated air rules under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and Clean Air Act (CAA) that apply to waste
management operations.  The seminars were designed to improve
understanding of these rules and to ensure that EPA, State, and
local permit writers and enforcement personnel, and the regulated
community receive consistent guidance related to implementation,
compliance, and enforcement activities.  
     The organic chemicals contained in wastes processed during
waste management operations can volatilize into the atmosphere and
cause toxic or carcinogenic effects, or contribute to ozone
formation.  Because air emissions from waste management operations
pose a threat to human health and the environment, regulations are
developed to control organic air emissions from these operations. 

     In June of 1990, EPA promulgated standards under the authority
of Section 3004 of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments to
RCRA.  These standards limit organic air emissions as a class from
process vents and equipment leaks at hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) requiring a permit under
Subtitle C of RCRA.  Additional RCRA standards are under
development.  On July 22, 1991, EPA proposed organic air emissions
standards from tanks, surface impoundments, and containers at
hazardous waste TSDFs under RCRA authority (56FR33491).
     In March of 1990,  the EPA promulgated standards under the
authority of Section 112 of the CAA that limit emissions of benzene
from benzene waste operations.  Revisions to these rules were
promulgated on January 7, 1993 (58FR3072).  
     This Seminar Publication is a record of the presentations at
waste management workshops conducted in all ten EPA regions.  Some
of the information contained in this publication may have been
superseded by more recent developments in the regulatory arena that
have occurred since the last workshop heldin Denver, Colorado in
March 1991.  To get a free copy of this publication call CERI at
(513) 569-7562, and ask for it by title or by EPA number.



---------------------------------------------------------------


EXPLAINING ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS TO SMALL BUSINESSES

by Deborah Elmore
CTC/OAQPS

     The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 will for the first time
place environmental regulations on thousands of small businesses.
Since many small business owners have limited technical expertise,
it is often difficult for them to understand the 
techno-legal  language used in regulations and most associated
guidance materials.  Therefore, as part of its role in the Federal
Small Business Assistance Program (SBAP), the CTC has prepared 
A Guidebook for Explaining Environmental Regulations to Small
Businesses  (EPA-453/B-93-023).  This guidebook will help you
develop materials that present technical and legal information in 
easy-to-understand laymans terms.  The goal is to create something
that the small business person will not only understand, but may
actually want to read.
     The first section of this document addresses issues such as:

          - small business concerns
          - small business perceptions of government & regulations
          - writing for different educational levels & non-English
speaking 
            audiences.

The next section includes tips on content & format, style,
communication 
tools,  and presentation options.  There is even a checklist to
help you out.

     Included throughout this guide are many examples of actual
materials that have been prepared to help small businesses.  There
is also a discussion on ho to simplify complex calculations.  To
order a copy, call the CTC HOTLINE.  The most important thing to
remember, however, is to be flexible and be  creative!  
     

WE NEED YOUR HELP !!





As part of our role in the Federal Small Business Assistance
Program (SBAP), the CTC is compiling a mailing list of State SBAP
Contacts.  If you are involved in SBAP activities, please call
Deborah Elmore at (919)541-5437.  If you know someone else involved
in SBAP activities, please pass this note on to them.




-------------------------------------------------------------



Indoor Air Branch

By Kelly W. Leovic
AEERL

     The Indoor Air Branch (IAB) of the Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory (AEERL) is one of the research groups that
support the CTC.  It is responsible for research to characterize
the emission sources of indoor air pollution, and to quantify the
emission rates of vapor-phase organic materials.
     The objectives of the IAB are to: a) develop methods and tools
for evaluating both the sources of indoor air pollutants and indoor
air quality (IAQ) control options; b) provide guidance to
interested parties (both public and private) on evaluation methods,
source emissions, and IAQ control; and c) influence the private
sector by encouraging the production and use of materials and
products with inherently low emission characteristics.
     IAB research emphasizes: techniques for measuring emission
rates of organic vapors from indoor sources and understanding the
adsorptive and desorptive behavior of indoor objects (commonly
referred to as sinks), and indoor air quality models predicting
indoor concentrations and inhalation exposures based on source/sink
behavior and building ventilation.
     Research is being done in two emerging areas: methods for
evaluating and controlling microbial growths on indoor surfaces and
biologically based methods for evaluating organic vapor emissions. 
IAB researchers also investigate indoor air cleaning devices. 
 
Source Characterization Research
Present research includes:
     1) development of mass transfer models for sources of indoor
air pollution;
     2) evaluation of the sink behavior of indoor materials and
furnishings;
     3) development of emission rate data for selected indoor
sources; and
     4) continued development of emission test methods and
protocols.
     Source research experiments in the laboratory use small
environmental test chambers with precise environmental control. 
Full scale tests are carried out in an unoccupied instrumented
residential test house.  IABs source characterization research
focuses on emissions of vapor-phase organic compounds from indoor
materials and products including:
     Wet Sources: caulking, adhesives, stains, varnishes, paints,
polishes, waxes, and spot removers.
     Dry Sources: particleboard, carpet(s), panels, floor tile,
moth cakes, and dry cleaned clothes.
     Sinks: painted gypsum board, ceiling tile, window glass, duct
liners, carpet(s),and upholstery.
     The work conducted by IAB is internationally recognized. In
1990 the test methods developed by IAB were published by ASTM as
Standard D5116-90, 
Standard Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations
of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products.   Also the
Commission of European Communities adopted IABs methods in their
guidance document for testing indoor sources.

Exposure Modeling
     Source/sink models predict human exposure in terms of the
pollutant concentration profile versus time, and these predictions
are verified by comparing them with measurements in the test house. 
These models have also been used to predict individual exposures
based on activities.
     Source/sink models have predicted the reduction in
concentration from various control techniques.  This showed that
sinks play a major role in determining the long-term exposure to
indoor air pollutants.  Concentrations after about 50 hours are
often the result of re-emissions from sinks.  Sinks can make
sources difficult to manage.
     Analysis of the models has shown that increased ventilation
can reduce the impact of sources when the duration of ventilation
outlasts the decay of the source emission rate, and if the amount
of pollutant removed by ventilation is much greater that the amount
of pollutant deposited in the sink.  
     These models have also been used to show that in-room and
in-duct air cleaners can be very effective in reducing the impact
of a source on the building which contains the room with the
source.  Source modification is effective in both the room where
the source is located, and the rest of the building.
     The exposure model includes the effect of sources, sinks, air
movement, ventilation, control measures, and activities on
individual exposure.
     The most extensive use of the model has been in relating
emission data from chamber studies to concentration profiles
measured in the test house.  The good agreement of these
predictions and measurements was shown in the paper 
Comparison of Data from an IAQ Test House with Predictions of an
IAQ Computer Model,  by L.E. Sparks, B.A. Tichenor, J.B. White, and
M.D. Jackson, published in the journal 
Indoor Air,  Vol. 4, pp 577-592, 1991.
     Efforts are now underway to improve the predictions of the
model by incorporating better source and sink models.  Preliminary
work in this area indicates that the error in predictions of test
house experiments for wet products can be reduced from about 20% to
less than 10%.  Also, the improved models eliminate many of the
scaling problems between chamber emission factors and building
emission factors.  The model will also incorporate economic
analysis, using the cost of control options and the benefits of
improved IAQ.  The model will also be modified to improve its
usefulness as a design tool.  Planned future efforts include
refinements for predicting ventilation effectiveness, and a data
base of values for important model parameters -- to make the model
easier to use.


---------------------------------------------------------------------


Control Technology Center NEWS

The CTC NEWS is a quarterly publication of the U.S.EPAs Control
Technology Center (CTC).  The CTC is an informal, easy-to-use, no
cost, technical assistance service for all State and local (S/l)
air pollution control agency and EPA Regional Office staffs.  For
others, some services may be on a cost reimbursable basis.  The CTC
offers quick access to EPA experts and expertise via the CTC
HOTLINE and the CTC Bulletin Board, and in-depth technical support
through source specific Engineering Assistance Projects or more
generic Technical Guidance Projects.  The CTC is operated by the
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, Office of Research
and Development, and the Emission Standards Division, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina.

If you have any air pollution emission or control questions, or
would like more information about the CTC and the types of
technical assistance available, CALL THE CTC HOTLINE!

(919) 541-0800


Publication of the CTC NEWS does not signify that the contents
necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S.EPA, nor does
the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.


----------------------------------------------------------------



Bill Vatavuk: An Engineer Who Can Write

By Bob Blaszczak
CTC Co-Chair, OAQPS

     Conventional wisdom has it that engineers cant communicate
well, especially on paper.  Bill Vatavuk is an exception to this
rule.  His many publications in both the technical and trade
literature are more than ample proof of his writing ability. 
Unquestionably, he deserves the title 
author.   First and foremost, however, he is an engineer.
     Bill graduated from Youngstown State University (Youngstown,
Ohio) with a B.E. in chemical engineering in 1969.  However, his
career with EPA began two years before that.  In April 1967, he was
commissioned a U.S. Public Health Service officer and, during that
summer and the next, served as a COSTEP (summer intern) with EPA
(then PHS) in the air and solid waste programs in Cincinnati. 
Following graduation, Bill joined the DuPont Company engineering
department, working in new product development in Wilmington and
Richmond.  In May 1970, he was called to active duty with the PHS
as a staff engineer in the air program Office of Regional
Activities in Rockville, Maryland.  Bill transferred to the OAQPS
National Air Data Branch in September 1971.  While there, he wrote
for the Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors (AP-42) and
began developing a computer system for storing stack test data.
     In September 1974, he transferred to the OAQPS Cost Analysis
Branch, the predecessor of todays Cost and Economic Impact Section
(CEIS) (in the Standards Development Branch, Emission Standards
Division), which has supported OAQPS in the setting of national air
quality and emission standards and also has assisted EPA regional,
State, and local air pollution programs.  An international expert
on air pollution control cost estimating, Bill is the cost
consultant to OAQPS, and has also helped other air program offices,
EPA regional offices, and many State and local agencies in
cost-related matters.   
     The most important tool in his cost consultants tool box is
the OAQPS Control Cost Manual and its supplements,
(EPA-450/3-90-006, -006a, and -006b).  Bill directed preparation of
this unique report which has been the standard reference for
estimating air pollution control costs for more than 15 years.  To
supplement the Manual, he has begun issuing Cost Guidance Memos, 
mini-reports that address cost topics of general interest.  But
Bills responsibilities are not limited to cost work aloe.  He also
assembles the CEIS monthly report, a task that allows him to wear
two hats (editor and engineer) at once. 
     Bill has received two EPA Bronze Medals during his career. 
The first, in 1987, recognized his cost analysis contributions in
developing the PM10 National Ambient Air Quality Standard.  His
second medal was for his 1988 work on the UNIVAC-IBM conversion
team.  He also received a plaque to recognize his charter
membership in the OAQPS Human Resources Mini-Council, for which he
co-founded and edited the Mini-Council newsletter, Air Mail.  An
active member of the U.S. PHS Commissioned Officers Association, he
has twice served as president of the North Carolina Branch.  
     In his spare time, Bill is a prolific free-lance writer.  He
has written two books.  The first, Dawn of Peace (1989), is an
account of the Civil War surrender at the Bennett Place near
Durham, NC.  In May 1990, he appeared on the statewide television
program, North Carolina People,  to discuss this book which was
also nominated for the 1990 Pulitzer Prize and the North Carolina
Mayflower Award.  His second book, Marketing Yourself With
Technical Writing: A Guide for Todays Professionals (1992), is a
primer for anyone interested in advancing his/her career via
technical publication.  An excerpt from the book was published in
Chemical Engineering magazine.  Bill also has published hundreds of
articles and reviews for a variety of national trade magazines,
from Catholic Digest to Writers Digest, as well as for several
technical journals.  
     Bill has also been active in his community.  He is a director
of the North Carolina 4-H Development Fund and was the publicity
chairman of the Historic Preservation Society of Durham.  As 
chairman of the Bennett Place Advisory Committee, he helps promote
and preserve the site where the Civil War really ended.
     Last, but certainly not least, he is a fifth-grade CCD (Sunday
school) teacher at his parish.
     In recognition of his accomplishments Bill has been listed in
Marquis Whos Who in the South and Southwest (1993-94 edition) and
the 1992-93 Whos Who Environmental Registry.  He also has been
nominated for Marquis Whos Who in Science and Engineering.  
     With his wife, Betsy, a former Department of Health and Human
Services executive secretary and two-time 4-H national winner, Bill
sells crafts and baked goods at a local farmers market every
Saturday.  Occasionally assisting them is their 11-year-old son,
Chandler, an avid reader, sports card collector, and straight-A
student.  Chandler also just earned his first publication, a poem
in the 1992 Anthology of Poetry by Young Americans. (A chip off the
old block?)



------------------------------------------------------------------



Control of VOCs

By Bob Blaszczak
CTC Co-chair, OAQPS

     The Chemicals and Petroleum Branch, Emissions Standards
Division, OAQPS recently completed Control Techniques of Volatile
Organic Compound Emissions from Stationary Sources 
(EPA-453/R-92-018).  This document is the third edition of a report
originally published by the Department of Health, Education and
Welfare (HEW) titled, Control Techniques for Hydrocarbon and
Organic Solvent Emissions from Stationary Sources (AP-68).   The
first edition was published in March of 1970 by the National Air
Pollution Control Administration, a part of HEW.  The second
edition was published by EPA in May of 1978.  It contained numerous
changes from the original and was retitled Control Techniques for
Volatile Organic Emissions from Stationary Sources  (EPA-450/2-78-
022) to better express the EPAs concern with pollutants other than
hydrocarbons.  This third edition incorporates the knowledge gained
by the EPA during the years subsequent to 1978 and condenses it for
easy reference.
     This document is intended to be a general reference to State
and local agency pollution control engineers, but will serve a much
broader clientele.  It can be used to provide:
     1) summary information and reference material on sources of
oxidant precursors and control of these sources,
     2) estimates of control costs, and
     3) estimates of emission reductions achievable through
control.
     Copies are available through the EPAs Environmental Research
Center Library at (919) 541-2777, or through the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS) at (800) 553-6847.  When ordering
through NTIS refer to NTIS document No. PB93-150258.



----------------------------------------------------------------


TECH NOTEBOOK
Do You Have Problems Downloading from RBLC?

By Lyndon S. Cox
Senior Environmental Employee

     Many CTC Hotline callers are unfamiliar with electronic
bulletin boards and have little or no experience in downloading
files.  The problems they experience are compounded by some of the
commands used in the BLIS section of the Bulletin Board System
(BBS).  The information given here should clarify some of the more
common problems.
     
     First, the person downloading a file should give the DOS
filename when asked which file is to be downloaded.  You can
recognize the DOS filename by the fact that it contains up to eight
alphanumeric characters followed (optionally) by a period and an
extension of up to three characters.  The limit to eight characters
in the filename usually produces interesting abbreviations of
descriptive English filenames.  (Examples from MS-DOS are SMARTDRV
for smart drive  and CHKDSK for check disk.)  Note that once the
period and the extension have been used in the filename they are no
longer optional but must be included thereafter for satisfactory
file transfers.
     BLIS assigns an eight character nonsense word as the filename
for each downloadable file but does not assign an extension until
you have selected the form (appendix, ASCII, or database) and the
file transfer protocol.  
     
     For communications packages such as CROSSTALK, XMODEM is the
protocol of choice and you shuld select it.  However, if you are
familiar with another transfer protocol (such as Kermit, Ymodem, or
Zmodem) and your software is able to employ it, BLIS will allow you
to select and use it. 
     When you have defined the form of the file, BLIS gives the
filename a period and an extension (for example, BLDF0005.DBF for
a dBASE format).  You may either use the BLIS-assigned filename or
assign the file a DOS-compatible name of your choosing.  You must
then return to your communications software to indicate that you
are ready to receive this file, using the selected protocol and the
assigned filename.
     Communications software (such as CROSSTALK) has two operating
modes: i.e., command mode and terminal mode.  In command mode, your
keyboard talks  to the software in your own computer.  In terminal
mode, your keyboard talks  to the software in the remote computer. 
CROSSTALK, when new, comes with ESCAPE being set as the key that
switches between these modes.  Unfortunately, BLIS uses ESCAPE to
go to the preceding screen.  When both of these happen together,
the result is an impasse.  Therefore, CROSSTALK users must select
an alternative to ESCAPE as the key that switches between modes.
The combination of the Alt key and the 'A' key (ALT+A) is a good
choice.  You can tell when you reach command mode in CROSSTALK
because a bright strip appears across the bottom of the screen, and
COMMAND ?  appears in dark letters on the strip.  In command mode,
you can query your communications software as to how to initiate
the file transfer and then key in the necessary commands.
     
Your software will determine how soon the download must begin.  If
it does not occur within that time limit, then the BLIS download
process must be repeated to make the file available once again. 
Note the filename that is assigned by BLIS and use it in the
download to reduce the time you require to start the download
process at your computer.  The name of the file can be changed
later, using either the rename  or save as  capability of a word
processor or the REN command of DOS to make it meaningful.
     Note that, in the language of computer users, downloading
alludes to receiving a file from the telephone lines that are 
up on the poles,  while uploading alludes to sending a file 
up to the telephone line  for transmission to another computer.


++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


CTC NEWS  July 1993 Edition  (Vol. 5, number 3)


==================================================================


A I R W A V E S

By Bob Blaszczak,
Co-Chair, CTC/OAQPS

     Its been very busy! The Small Business Assistance Program
(SBAP) has exploded.  CTC accesses lead by BBS activity (especially
the RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC)) have continued at the high
rate that began in October of 1992.  Thats when the RBLC moved to
the OAQPS Technology Transfer Network BBS.  We have already far
exceeded the 15,000 accesses to CTC services experienced in all of
FY92.  In fact, at the current rate of usage,  accesses to CTC
services in FY93 will almost double FY92 levels.  Thanks for your
continuing vote of confidence.  I just hope we can keep up with the
pace and continue to provide you with quality services with the
resources at hand.  Well do our best for you!
     As you may know, CTC project funds to support your request for
case specific assistance and general technical guidance were cut
substantially in FY93.  Virtually all FY93 funds were expended as
of June.  New funding wont be available until late October. 
However, we are still looking for good projects.  The tighter
budget increases competition for this limited resource, so its
important to get your request to us as soon as possible.  We would
love to have a host of projects approved and ready to go when new
funds become available.  In fact, depending on demand and funds
left over from other programs in FY93, we may be able to expand
this assistance effort slightly in FY94 (that begins October 1 for
us).  So dont wait!  Get your request in now and go to the front of
the line!
     Be sure and check out new software tools available only on the
CTC BBS.  This includes SAGE, a guide to selecting more
environmentally friendly solvents, and an improved version of
HAP-PRO.  See the articles in this edition of the CTC NEWS for more
information.
     The CTC gets numerous request for information on scheduling of
CTGs and MACT standards and weve had suggestions to include that
kind of information on the CTC BBS or in the CTC NEWS.  We think
thats a great idea that could save us all a lot of phone calls and
time.  There has been some reluctance here at EPA because schedules
are really best estimates that tend to change, and publishing
scheduling information on a moving target may create considerable
anxiety and expectation.  In addition, to add to the normal air of
confusion, our internal tracking system (includes schedules) is in
the process of being reinvented.  Well, in spite of that, it
lookslike we have gotten the OK to make this information available. 
Well work with whats available and try to have something in place
by the next edition of the CTC NEWS.

Hope you're having a great summer. 


======================================================================



CTC EXPERT ON 
EMISSIONS 
MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION:BRUCE HARRIS

By Kim Thompson
Acurex Environmental

     Bruce Harris, currently part of EPAs Air and Energy
Engineering Research Laboratory,  started work with the National
Air Pollution Control Administration after graduating from the
University of Florida in 1968.  The National Air Pollution Control
Administration soon joined with other organizations to form the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).  During his 25-year
tenure at EPA, Bruce has gained and shared experience and knowledge
in five branches.  As a result of his varied background with the
EPA, Bruce is a valuable resource to the Control Technology Center. 
His knowledge of air toxics and particulate control measurement,
and radon control has been very useful in responding to requests
from state, local, and regional government offices.
     Earning his bachelors of science degree in mechanical
engineering from the University of Florida in 1967, and then his
masters in Environmental Engineering from the University of Florida
in 1968, prepared Bruce for his long career with the EPA,  which
began in Cincinnati, Ohio, as a Public Health Service Engineer
Officer.  Most of his time was devoted to measurement technology
for particulate matter and establishing a particle sizing
laboratory to support in-house and field activities for the Control
Technology Program.
     Bruce was one of the first engineers to be assigned to EPAs
Environmental Research Center at Research Triangle Park in North
Carolina.  After relocating to the Triangle area, Bruce continued
his work in measurement technology, but carried it further by
becoming active in international symposia and conducting
international research programs with the former USSR.
     Bruces expertise in measurement technology led him into the
study of the coal used in the Peoples Republic of China.  This
project is investigating the link between lung cancer and the
residential, unvented burning of coal for heat.  As a result of his
work with coal in China Bruce received the Level 1 Scientific and
Technological Achievement Award in 1987 for Establishing an
Etiologic Link Between Domestic Smoky Coal Burning and Lung Cancer
in Xuan We, Yunan, China.  His continuing work in China included a
cooperative field measurement project that involved developing
special measurement methods.
     Most recently, he has been heavily involved in radon
mitigation studies.  He was also instrumental in the development of
diagnostic methods for the design, installation, and evaluation of
radon mitigation systems.  Training courses were conducted for
school personnel and mitigators so that these measurements could be
taken in schools and large buildings.
     Currently, Bruce is working on developing diesel fuel emission
factors emitted by cars and trucks.  There is reason to believe
that the information provided to established emissions models may
be misleading regarding how much nitrogen Oxides (NOx) is being
emitted.  Studies in this area indicate that many factors may
affect the levels of pollutants released from cars and trucks;
e.g., drivers driving habits, heavy traffic, high speeds, and
acceleration patterns.
     Bruces marriage of 25 years parallels his 25 years with EPA,
which he and his wife celebrated recently with an anniversary
cruise to the Bahamas, his marriage, that is!  They are an active
couple with one child in high school and two in college.  Bruce
also stays busy as a member of the Knights of Columbus on the
church and state levels.  He is very deserving of his two awards,
a PHS Citation and a PHS Meritorious Service Award.EPAs Control
Technology Center has been very fortunate to count Bruce as one of
its experts in several fields.  Because of his diverse background,
he is able to assist many callers, and he can also direct callers
to other specialized experts.  By answering questions and concerns
from state, local, and regional  government agencies, Bruce is able
to keep current with projects that he is no longer directly
associated with, but still maintains personal and professional
interest in.


==================================================================




DOWNLOADING FROM BLIS - CHOOSING THE RIGHT FORMAT

By Joe Steigerwald, CTC/OAQPS
and 
Jo Ann Kerrick, ViGYAN

     Your choice of a download format once youve selected data you
would like to see from the RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC) data
base is very important.  The right choice can make your printout
short, easy to print, and well worth the paper its printed on.  The
wrong choice can make your printout long, hard to print, and
generally a waste of the paper its printed on.  Hopefully, the
information below will enable you to make this difficult (and truly
world shattering decision) correctly!
     A list of download formats available within the RBLC
Information System (BLIS) is presented in Figure 1.  Here is what
each includes:

      Appendix F:  A summary listing, in alphabetical order by
facility name, of the processes contained in each determination. 
This report includes facility name, process type code, process
name, and date of permit issuance.  Use Appendix F for scanning the
control technology determinations entered for a particular company.

      Appendix G:  A summary listing, in order of process type
code, of contacts knowledgeable about the permit detailed in each
determination.  This report includes facility name, agency name,
contact name and telephone number, and date of permit issuance. 
Use Appendix G for scanning summary information on individual or
groups of Process Type Codes.

      Scheduling Report:  A listing of permit scheduling data
stored in BLIS.  You may choose one particular date to check, or
you may check all dates . Use this report to track the progress of
RACT, BACT, and LAER determinations.              

      Appendix H:   A detailed listing organized in two parts.
Part A lists information about control technologies and emission
limits for processes and pollutants.  Part B details scheduling
information related to permitting, as well as costs associated with
control technology used for pollutants.  Appendix H is intended to
provide the maximum manageable amount of technical and
administrative information without duplicating a completed permit
application.

      Free Form: contains all data elements, with data field names.
Use the Free Form report to see ALL of the information in BLIS for
a particular determination.

      Lotus or dBASE Format: Contains most of the data elements ina
format suitable for use with the dBASE database program.  This
format may also be translated for import into Lotus.  Use the
dBASE/Lotus format to do custom searches/queries using your own
software packages.

     All of the BLIS download formats contain a BLIS ID number for
each determination.  Use the BLIS ID number to reference the
complete determination for more detailed information.  
     If you choose one of the detailed formats, BLIS allows you to
select the amount of data to download.  You may choose to: 1)
download all process and pollutant data relating to selected
facilities; 2) download data (including all pollutant data for the
processes) relating to only processes selected by the search
criteria (marked with an *);  or 3) download process and pollutant
data for pollutants specified in the search criteria (marked with
an *).   Please note that any facility which was marked for removal
from download in the View option will not be included in the
download data set.  And remember, each download is limited to no
more than fifty (non-removed) facilities.
     In summary, here is a brief list of the download formats and
when each should be used:

      Appendix F -  Quick way to target information on a
          particular facility.  (Summary data only!)

      Appendix G - Great way to target data on a particular
          process or processes. (Summary data only!)

      Appendix H - Probably the report you want.  It contains
          all of the information youre likely to need.

      Lotus/dBASE - Nice if you know how to use dBASE and
     want to manipulate the data for yourself.

      Scheduling Report - This is a
          specialized report to help agencies track 
          determinations or indicate those that are behind 
          schedule.

      Free Form - Prints everything for a determination in BLIS,
          but takes a LOT of paper and contains a LOT of  blanks. 
               Use at your own risk!



===================================================================



CARBON REACTIVATION  ACT DOCUMENT

By Bob Blaszczak,
CTC/OAQPS

     Carbon adsorption is one of the most commonly used organic air
emission control technologies for hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)
and/or volatile organic compounds (VOC).  It is also used to treat
potable water.  As carbon is used and regenerated over time, it
loses a significant portion of its reactivity.  At this point it
must be replaced.  The spent carbon is then disposed or
reactivated.  The reactivation process involves exposing the spent
carbon to high temperatures in a separate processing unit or
furnace to remove organic contaminants.  
     The Emission Standards Division, OAQPS, recently released 
Alternative Control Technology Document - Carbon Reactivation
Processes  (EPA-453/R-92-019).  This document describes this
industry, processes used to reactivate the carbon, and potential
emissions.  Spent carbon may be consider a hazardous waste under
RCRA if it is a listed hazardous waste, was used to treat a listed
hazardous waste (
derived from  rule), or exhibits one or more of the RCRA hazardous
waste characteristics.  Emissions may include organics (HAPs/VOC),
acid gasses, particulate matter, and metals.  Control systems
usually include a thermal afterburner and, if halogenated organics
are present, a packed tower to remove acid gasses.  Other control
system options include spray towers; dry, venturi, or impingement
scrubbers; cyclones; and baghouse filters.
     The ACT discusses all of these control options.  It also
provides environmental impacts and costs analyses for two model
emission control systems for small, medium and large carbon
reactivation plants.  Call the CTC HOTLINE or use the CTC BBS to
order a copy of this ACT document.
Control Technology Center NEWS



=================================================================

DISCLAIMER


The CTC NEWS is a quarterly publication of the U.S. EPAs Control
Technology Center (CTC).  The CTC is an informal, easy-to-use, no
cost, technical assistance service for all State and local (S/l)
air pollution control agency and EPA Regional Office staffs.  For
others, some services may be on a cost reimbursable basis.  The CTC
offers quick access to EPA experts and expertise via the CTC
HOTLINE and the CTC Bulletin Board, and in-depth technical support
through source specific Engineering Assistance Projects or more
generic Technical Guidance Projects.  The CTC is operated by the
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, Office of Research
and Development, and the Emission Standards Division, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina.
     If you have any air pollution emission or control questions,
or would like more information about the CTC and the types of
technical assistance available, CALL THE CTC HOTLINE!

(919) 541-0800

Publication of the CTC NEWS does not signify that the contents
necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. EPA, nor
does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.



==============================================================




CTC PUBLISHES REPORT ON OPEN BURNING OF
AUTOMOBILE 

SHREDDER FLUFF

By Paul Lemieux, AEERL/ORD

     The CTC recently published report EPA-600/R-93-044 (NTIS
PB93-172914), entitled "Characterization of Emissions from the
Simulated Open-Burning of Non-Metallic Automobile Shredder Residue."
In this project, experiments were performed to examine emissions of
organics, particulate, and metals from a simulated open burn of
shredder fluff.  The project was prompted by a request from the
State of Virginia, which was interested in emissions from a fluff
fire that occurred at an automobile recycling facility.
     Samples were collected and analyzed for volatile and
semi-volatile organics, particulate, and metal aerosols.  Typical
combustion process gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide
(CO), nitric oxide (NO), oxygen (O2), and unburned hydrocarbons
(THC), were monitored continuously.  Volatile and semi-volatile
organics characterized included mono- and poly-aromatic
hydrocarbons, substituted alkanes and alkenes, aldehydes, nitriles,
phenols, chlorinated aromatics, heterocycles, and polychlorinated
dibenzodioxins and furans.  Of the 11 metal aerosols characterized,
cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc were found in significant
quantities.  The emission characterizations performed indicated
that substantial quantities of air pollutants are emitted.  For the
organic pollutants alone, the emission of more than 200 g/kg of
fluff combusted was observed.  Figure 1 illustrates the results
from a mass balance performed on the measured air emissions from
the fluff combustion tests.
     Call the CTC HOTLINE or use the CTC BBS to order a copy of
this report.




==================================================================


HAP-PRO ENHANCEMENTS

By Bob Blaszczak, CTC/OAQPS

     A new improved version of HAP-PRO, the CTC developed software
tool that helps you evaluate control options for hazardous air
pollutants (HAPs), is now available on the CTC BBS.  The improved
version offers an expert system when evaluating carbon adsorption
as a control option.  It leads the user through a decision tree
that alerts the user when input parameters or results are not
within standard design parameters.  This improvement will avoid
many of the problems and unusual answers generated by the program,
most of which have been the result of inputting unrealistic
assumptions concerning emission or flow characteristics.  Other
changes correct, improve and/or enhance certain general program
functions.
     Similar improvements are also underway for the
thermal/catalytic incineration part of HAP-PRO.  To minimize the
expense and problems resulting from duplication and mailing of new
disks and users manuals twice within a short period of time, the
CTC has decided to wait until both the carbon adsorption an
incineration modules are complete before issuing new disks and
manuals.  A revised version of HAP-PRO which will include both the
carbon adsorption and incineration modules will be available in the
fall of 1993.  
     In the interim, the revised version of HAP-PRO which includes
the new carbon adsorption module will only be available on the CTC
BBS.  Be sure to read the 
read me 
 file before downloading this new version.  If you have any
questions concerning any HAP-PRO improvements,  leave a message for
Joe Steigerwald on the CTC BBS, or call the CTC  HOTLINE and ask
for Joe.



======================================================================


AIR EMISSIONS & CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR LEATHER TANNING AND
FINISHING OPERATIONS

By Iliam D. Rosario, ISB/ESD/OAQPS

     The report "Air Emissions and Control Technology for Leather
Tanning and Finishing Operations"  (EPA-453/R-93-025) was completed
this summer by the Industrial Studies Branch, Emission Standard Division,
OAQPS, for the CTC.  This document was developed in response to a
number of HOTLINE requests for information by several State and
local agencies, and the industry.  It provides information needed
to assess emissions control options for volatile organic compounds
(VOC) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from this industry.  
     This CTC document provides information on leather tanning and
finishing processes, potential emissions from these processes, and
emission control options. The primary sources of VOC & HAPs are: 
leather finishing operations; waterproofing operations; solvent
degreasing operations; and miscellaneous fugitive sources.  Table
1 lists air pollutants emitted from these sources.  These
pollutants were identified in the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) for
the years 1987-1990, and also from data obtained from operating
facilities.  
     The bulk of emissions resulting from leather finishing
operations are from spray booths and associated dryers.  Little
data are available to quantify that portion of total emissions
which occur between the spray booth and the exit of the associated
dryer.  Other emission points are the mixing room, fugitive
emissions associated with supplying coatings to the spray guns
(often includes open drums of virgin material), clean up
operations, secondary emissions from contaminated water wash, and
additional solvent evaporation after the drying operation.  
     The source reduction techniques available to leather finishing
operations and the associated emission reductions tend to be very
site-specific.  The only known abatement device currently employed
within the domestic leather finishing industry is regenerative
thermal incineration.  Presently two facilities use this control
technology.  They are Mercersburg Tanning, Mercersburg, PA and
Seton Company, Saxton, PA.  
     Other efforts to reduce emissions from leather finishing can
be categorized by: a) use of lower VOC or wter-based coatings; b)
improved transfer efficiency of the coatings application process;
and c) improved housekeeping practices and employee training. 
Eagle Leather company, Grand Heaven, MI, is the only automotive
leather upholstery manufacturer in North America to convert to
water-based finishing.  They have reduced their air emissions by
90%.
     Five existing State and local regulations affecting the
leather tanning and finishing industry have been identified.  The
States of New Jersey, New York, and Massachusetts limit the VOC
content of the finishing material.  The State of Wisconsin limits
VOC emissions by the square footage of leather finished. The State
of Illinois incorporates components of both types of rules.  Table
2 lists the VOC limitations in existing state regulations.  A sixth
regulation is currently being developed by the Monterey Bay Air
Quality Management District.  It will limit VOC content of the
coatings and will specify application methods and equipment to be
used for leather finishing.  This regulation was scheduled for
promulgation in April of 1993 but has been delayed due to problems
with the format of the proposed rule.  
     Call the CTC HOTLINE or use the CTC BBS to order a copy of
this report.


================================================================



NEW PROJECTS UNDERWAY

By Bob Blaszczak, CTC/OAQPS

     The CTC has initiated several projects in the last few months
and would appreciate your help and input.  If you have any
information or insight that might help in these efforts, please
call the CTC HOTLINE.

PAINT SPRAY GUN CLEANING:  This project requested by the Sacramento
Metropolitan AQMD will evaluate potential VOC emissions from
various spray gun cleaning equipment now on the market.  Although
intended to minimize VOC emissions compared to conventional
practices, differences in design and operation among the various
devices may result in different levels of effectiveness.  The
project should be complete in March 1994.

STYRENE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY:  As a follow-up to the CTC report on
fiberglass boat manufacturing, the CTC has been evaluating new
control technology designed to treat styrene emissions.  One report
evaluating the Polyade (TM) polymer adsorption system will be
available in early fall.  Another project to evaluate the Chemtact
(TM) scrubber (QUAD Environmental) should be complete late this
year.

EMISSIONS FROM PAINT MIXING:  After considerable time, discussion,
and deliberation, the CTC has initiated a research project to
determine emission factor information for paint mixing processes. 
The project was originally proposed by the Bay Area AQMD.  A
schedule for this project is still under development.

HF FROM FERTILIZER PLANT LAGOONS:  This project requested by the
Florida DER will determine potential emissions of hydrogen fluoride
from lagoons/impoundments that treat scrubber wastewater from
phosphate fertilizer plants.  We hope to have results late this
fall.

OIL SUPPRESSION OF PM AT GRAIN ELEVATORS:  The CTC has joined in a
coordinated effort with the Emission Measurement Technical
Information Center (EMTIC), Clearinghouse for Inventory and
emission Factor Information (CHIEF), Nebraska DEQ and private
vendors to address the effectiveness of soybean/vegetable oil
suppression systems in controlling particulate emissions from grain
elevators.  Pending resolution of source testing issues, we hope to
have a report in the fall.  

GOING BEYOND CTG RACT:  The Lake Michigan Air Directors have
requested the CTC to list and rank State and Local agency RACT
rules that have gone beyond CTG requirements.  This project is
scheduled to begin soon.
No cost assistance to staff of State and Local agencies and EPA
Regional Offices on air pollution control technology issues.

===============================================================


CONTROL TECHNOLOGY CENTER SERVICES


CTC HOTLINE:  CALL (919) 541-0800 to access EPA expert staff for
consultations, references to pertinent literature, or access to EPA
technical data and analyses.  No question is too simple!

ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE PROJECTS:  If you need in-depth assistance
concerning a specific control technology problem, call the  HOTLINE
or write the CTC.  EPA staff and contractors are available for
short-term projects such as review of proposed or existing control
technology applications.  Projects are subject to CTC Steering
Committee approval.

TECHNICAL GUIDANCE PROJECTS:  If the CTC receives a number of 
similar HOTLINE calls or a joint request from a group of agencies,
the CTC Steering Committee may undertake broad,  long-term projects
of national or regional interest.  The result may be a control
technology document for a particular type of source, microcomputer
software, or seminars and workshops.

CTC BBS:Call (919) 541-5742 for 1200/2400/9600 baud modem to access
the CTC Bulletin Board.  Set communications parameters to 8 data
bits, N parity, and 1 stop bit, and use a terminal emulation of
VT100, VT102, or ANSI.  You may leave HOTLINE requests, order
documents, suggest projects, and download software.  The BBS is
part of the OAQPS Technology Transfer Network (TTN).

FEDERAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (FSBAP):  Call the CTC
HOTLINE to access the FSBAP.  The CTC is the focal point for
coordination of efforts among the four EPA centers participating in
the program.  The Federal program is intended to support State
Small Business Assistance Programs, as required by the Clean Air
Act.

RACT/BACT/LAER CLEARINGHOUSE (RBLC):  The RBLC database (BLIS) is
available on the OAQPS TTN BBS.  (See the CTC BBS for connection
information.) The Clearinghouse provides summary information for
control technology determinations made by permitting agencies.
  
GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER (GGGTTC): 
Call the CTC HOTLINE to access GGGTTC information on greenhouse gas
emissions, prevention, mitigation, and control strategies.


==============================================================



SOLVENT ALTERNATIVES GUIDE (SAGE):
A New Tool to Assist in Selection of 
Surface Cleaning Alternatives 

By Chuck Darvin, CTC/AEERL

     The January 1, 1995, Montreal Protocol deadline for
elimination of production of certain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
including CFC-113 ( 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane) and
methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane), is rapidly approaching. 
One of the major applications of these compounds is in metal
surface cleaning and degreasing.  They are used over a broad range
of industries and cleaning applications, ranging from precision
cleaning of mechanical and electronic parts to general cleaning and
paint removal.  Businesses and government agencies, faced with
replacing CFC solvent cleaning systems with which they have been
comfortable for many years, are frantically looking for replacement
alternatives.  In the past they have relied upon information
provided by vendors to define solvent replacements, which were
usually CFC systems.  With the advent of the Montreal Protocol,
however, all has changed.  Users must now become more conscious of
their surface cleaning requirements and knowledgeable of the
chemistries and processes involved in surface cleaning.  
     The Solvent Alternatives Guide (SAGE) is a continuing program
conducted by the EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory.  It is a PC-based system that provides general and
detailed information on solvent replacement chemistries and
processes.  It is designed to serve as an electronic handbook and
expert system that identifies the most viable alternative for a
given cleaning scenario.  SAGE can be used by individuals ranging
from shop supervisors to regulatory agency personnel and does not
require a detailed knowledge of process chemistry or mechanics.  It
provides the user with a list of viable cleaning alternatives. It
highlights the requirements for implementing the cleaning option
and eliminates most of the preliminary investigation required to
select a substitute solvent system.  Aware of the requirements and
limitations of the viable alternatives provided by SAGE, the user
will then be in a position to complete final process evaluations to
ensure that the alternative will satisfy the specific production
requirements of the operation. 
     The first version was released in April 1993 and placed on the
CTC bulletin board for downloding.  Version 1.0 is considered a
BETA test version for both use and comment back to the Control
Technology Center (CTC) by users.  Viable comments will be
incorporated into subsequent versions.  Additional data and solvent
information are being added to the system as they become available
from studies and research demonstration programs conducted by the
EPA laboratory.  The next version, 1.1, will be available in July
1993.  
     The SAGE system begins by asking questions that someone
responsible for developing an alternative cleaning process would
investigate before selecting an alternative cleaning system. 
Example questions include type of part, material, shape and size of
part, type of contaminant, desired cleanliness, and  processes
before and after cleaning.  Each question permits the system to
evaluate process requirements, economics, and material requirements
to select the most viable option(s) for the defined manufacturing
process.  Based on the answers to the questions, SAGE provides
responses that define a limited number of cleaning process
chemistries and mechanical processes.  It defines alternatives only
in generic terms, and does not provide trade or vendor names.  It
will provide a detailed report complete with references, case
studies, regulatory impacts, and safety and equipment requirements. 
In later versions it is anticipated that added economic projection
and process design capabilities will be incorporated into the
system.  
     All that is required to gain access to SAGE is a PC with a
modem.  SAGE is currently available and can be downloaded through
the CTC BBS.  Further information can be obtained by calling the
CTC HOTLINE.    


==================================================================



SBAP Bulletin Board System (BBS) - 
INPUT DATA NEEDED!

     The SBAP BBS is scheduled to be available in the Fall of 1993. 
This system will be the primary mechanism for States and EPA to
share information on small business activities and available
materials.  A number of State SBAPs have already indicated that
they have several items to share with their colleagues.  
     We would like to have as much information as possible on the
SBAP BBS when it comes on-line.  To do this, we need a little help
from the State SBAPs.  If you have any items you wish to have
placed on the SBAP BBS, please send us the following information:

Subject of materials (specific industry, general guidance, etc.)

Type of information available (brochure,report,video,opportunity
for a coordinated effort, etc.)

Short description of materials/project

Status of project (early planning, under development, available for
distribution, etc.)

Contact, agency name, and telephone number for more information.

     We would also like to include readable/downloadable files on
the SBAP BBS.  If you can provide a floppy disk with the materials
you wish to share in an ASCII text file, we can make it available
directly on the SBAP BBS.  This would save us all a number of phone
calls and questions, as well as provide detailed information to
those who need it as quickly as possible.  Once the SBAP BBS is
well established, new materials for addition to the system will be
submitted directly through the BBS itself.
     Help us get the new SBAP BBS off to a quick and useful start! 
Send your contributions to:

          Deb Elmore (MD-13)
          Federal SBAP Coordinator
          U.S. EPA
          RTP, NC  27711

Thanks for your help!


================================================================


Guidebook on Explaining
Environmental Rules to Small Businesses

     The guidebook for preparing information on environmental
regulations for small usinesses announced in the April edition of
the CTC NEWS has been delayed.  Please accept our apology for this
premature announcement and any inconvenience it may have caused. 
Late comments and a surge in SBAP work have delayed printing this
document.  Hopefully your copy will be in the mail by the time you
read this.  Check the CTC BBS alerts for updates on the
availability of this item.



================================================================


National Workshops Scheduled:  SBAP Technical
                               Assistance Conference

     Check your calendars!  The First Annual National Small
Business Technical Assistance Conference will be held during
January 1994, in Research Triangle Park (RTP), NC.  This conference
is being hosted by the CTC, as part of our role as focal point of
the Federal SBAP.  The workshop is intended primarily for State
SBAP personnel, and will focus specifically on issues and
activities related to the technical assistance function.  Topics to
be addressed at this conference will include:  
 Information on the products and services of the EPA technical
assistance centers participating in the Federal SBAP (CTC, Emission
Measurement Technical Information Center (EMTIC), Pollution
Prevention Information Clearinghouse (PPIC), and Chemical Emergency
Preparedness and Prevention Office), with an emphasis on each
programs small business activities; 
 
Demonstration of OAQPSs Technology Transfer Network (TTN), which
will be the home of the Small Business Bulletin Board System
(designed specifically to assist the State small business
programs); 

Updates on the status of specific rules that may affect small
businesses, including Title III MACT standards, Title V permit
rules, and Title I non-attainment requirements; 
 
Discussion on getting small businesses involved early in the
regulatory development process, and an explanation of the
regulatory negotiation (reg-neg) process; and 
 
Information sharing/planning session where States and EPA offices
can exchange available materials as well as ideas on future needs
and projects, including options for joint efforts.  

     The Research Triangle Park location will allow program
managers and engineers responsible for the various regulations and
program activities to participate in the conference.  If you have
any questions, comments, or suggestions on agenda topics, please
contact Deb Elmore at (919) 541-5437.  Stay tuned for further
information, and see you in January!




=================================================================



SBAP Ombudsman Conference

     The First Annual State Small Business Ombudsman Conference is
scheduled for November 3-4, 1993 in Washington, DC.  For more
information on this conference, please call Karen Brown at (703) 
305-5938.



================================================================

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++



CTC NEWS  -  October 1993  (Vol. 5, number 4)

======================================================================


STATISTICAL RANKING REPORT ADDED TO BLIS

By Jo Ann Kerrick
VGYAN Inc.

    The RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC) has added a Statistical Ranking
download format to the RBLC Information System (BLIS) BBS.  For the
pollutant and process set selected,this new ranking feature will tell the user
the range of emission limits (max./min.), average emission limit, and list
determinations in rank order based on stringency.  As with all of BLIS
download formats, users must first build the selection criteria and then
search BLIS for matching facilities, processes and pollutants.  Users can
combine any of 23 searchable fields in their criteria.  As long as there
is at least one matching record, users can choose from any of the standard
download formats.  The new Statistical Ranking report, however, is different
in that it can only be used if the subset meets several specific requirements.
     The Ranking report presents emission limits sorted from most to least
stringent.  This ordering is useful only if all of the emission limits are for
comparable processes and are expressed in the same units.  Remember, it
makes no sense to compare apples and oranges. Standard units for emission
limits have been or are being established in BLIS to allow meaningful
comparisons of control technology determinations.  The Statistical Ranking
report is based on these values.  However, the standard emission unit is not
one of the searchable fields in BLIS. So how do you build a query for the
Ranking report?  Think about what you want to compare -- the effectiveness
of different control technologies as applied to a single pollutant emitted
from a particular process.  Its unlikely that youd be comparing emissions
of NOX from a boiler with VOC emissions from a paint spray booth.  Build
your query to describe the process and pollutant in which youre interested.
You must specify a single process code in the query.  You probably will
want to refine this further by using the word search capability for the
process name.  Finally, specify the pollutant name.
     Figure 1 illustrates the Standard Query screen for a complete search
criteria.  Notice that the search criteria can be completely specified using
the first subset.  If you want to further reduce your subset (say for a
single state), you can.  When the Statistical Ranking report is selected
from the Download Format menu, BLIS automatically verifies that the subset
contains a single process code and a sngle pollutant.  If it does not, you
will be prompted to respecify the search criteria.
     Figure 2 shows a sample of the Statistical Ranking report.  At the top,
it recaps information on your query and presents statistics based on the
standard emission limits.  Next is the detailed section which lists
information about each facility/process and the standard emission limit for
the selected pollutant.  The report is sorted by emission limit.  A facility
that has several selected processes may appear in two different places in the
report, depending on the emission limits.
     Some facilities and processes in the subset may not have a value for the
standard emission limit.  These facilities/processes are not included in the
first part of the report.  However, because they are in the subset, they may
contain useful information.  The second part of the Statistical Ranking
report (not shown here) lists these facilities/processes along with their
primary emission limits and units.  Records are grouped by emission unit to
facilitate comparison of the emission limits and ranked.  Both parts of the
report contain a BLIS ID number for reference to the complete determination
for more detailed information.
     The Statistical Ranking report should serve as a valuable reference or a
starting point for users making RACT, BACT, or LAER determinations.  Take
advantage of this significant new capability and be sure to watch the alerts
on the BLIS BBS for information on new standard units as they are established.


=======================================================================



'93 RBLC SUPPLEMENT AVAILABLE!!

Just when you thought that the RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC) would
never publish another supplement, we put one together and get it out of here!
Yes, call the newspapers and alert the media, the 1993 Supplement to the 1990
edition of the RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse:  A Compilation of Control
Technology Determinations is here!.  If you are a RBLC contact at a
Regional/State/local air pollution control agency, a copy of the two volume
document will be mailed to you in October 1993.  But remember, the entire RBLC
database is available on the OAQPS TTN BBS (BLIS BBS) so we are only printing
a limited number of copies.  These ever so sought after documents will be
distributed as needed; but when there gone, that's it folks, no more!  But
never fear, an electronic copy of the document is also available as a
downloadable item on the BLIS bulletin board.  (See page 8 of this newsletter
for sign-on information!)  The document will also be available from the
National Technical Information Service (NTIS) in November 1993.  It's expected
to cost close to $100 for the two volume set.  But, hey, what's a little money
for so valuable a document.



====================================================================



A I R W A V E S

By Bob Blaszczak
CTC/OAQPS

     Wow!  Where did the summer go? For that matter, where did FY93 go?  For
us in the Fed its a new year; FY93 ended September 30, 1993.  You have kept
us very busy - about 30,000 accesses to CTC services in FY93.  Thats double
the FY92 level of activity, which was 1.8 times the FY91 level, etc.,
etc., .......
     CTC resources are declining but the program keeps growing at an
extraordinary rate.  No wonder the seasons and years are flashing by me.  I
feel like the guy in the movie The Time Machine.   But, unlike the guy riding
the time machine in the movie, I seem to be growing older at an accelerated
rate compared to the world around me.  Since time flies when you're having
fun, this must be fun.
     Were getting a number of requests for co-funded, cooperative projects
from state agencies.  This may be a good way for all of us to leverage our
limited resources.  However, these efforts do require a lot more coordination
and planning than the typical do-it-yourself CTC projects.  We are eager to
work with you on these joint ventures, but do allow extra time for
coordination activities.  Get your requests in early!  The CTC Steering
Committee has already approved projects to be funded with FY94 funds and is
considering others.  Last year we committed all CTC funds by June.  Thats
likely to move up to April or May in 1994.
     Since the Clean Act Amendments of 1990 opened CTC services to 
others  (i.e., non-government/private sector), our client base has changed
dramatically.  We have gone from almost exclusive service of state and local
air pollution control agency staff to a client base which is more than 60%
others.   This is based on records of HOTLINE calls and access to the CTC
and RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse bulletin boards.  In addition, the numbers
of others using the CTC is still increasing while government agency calls
have leveled off.  The CTCs primary goal is still to serve our state and
local agency callers.  We dont want to loose sight of that fact in spite of
the large and ever-increasing numbers of others  accessing our services.
     We need your help to insure that we stay on target.  We would like to
hear from you (state and local agency staff) about the job were doing.
Please call the CTC HOTLINE and let us know if we are meeting your needs or
what we could do to better serve you.  Wed appreciate your input.
     We have included MACT and CTG schedulng information in this edition of
the NEWS.  We hope to improve on this in future editions and also plan on
adding this information as downloadable file on the CTC BBS.  The new
OAQPS project tracking system which is being implemented this Fall should
help a lot in this effort.
     Well be back with our annual CTC product order form edition of the NEWS
in January 1994.  It looks like a lot of new, long-awaited products will be
available at that time.

Have a good Fall and holiday season!  


========================================================================



CTC EXPERT:  BILL NEUFFER

by Lisa Florer
Acurex Environmental Corporation


Don't let Bill Neuffer's quiet, somewhat reserved demeanor fool
you when it comes to NOx control, he has a lot to say.  Bill's
work at EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning Standards (OAQPS),
Industrial Studies Branch, has spanned more than 10 years. 
During that time, he has become one of the CTC's experts on NOx
emissions and control technologies.

Bill grew up in seemingly different parts of the country New York
and South Carolina.  Opting for the South, he attended Virginia
Tech where he received his bachelor's of science in mathematics. 
After receiving his degree, Bill spent four years with the
Virginia public school system teaching junior high and high
school level math.  Finding the profession somewhat unrewarding,
Bill spent three years with the Virginia Air Pollution Control
Board and then decided to pursue his master's degree.  In 1977,
he received his master's of engineering from the University of
Alabama, with a concentration in environmental engineering.  Bill
worked for a year as the supervisor of the Pollution Abatement
Branch at the Naval Supply Center in Portsmouth, VA. 

During his time at the Virginia Air Pollution Control Board, he
had traveled to Research Triangle Park for several classes, and
because he liked the area and had some contacts, he decided to
seek a position with EPA.  In 1980, he was hired as an
environmental engineer.  Bill served as lead engineer for the
development of New Source Performance Standards and National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants.  He was involved
with projects such as metallic minerals, mineral
dryers/calciners, small boilers, zinc/zinc oxide smelting,
cadmium refining, and zinc and sodium hydroxide emissions from
various industries and municipal waste combustors.  He evaluated
air pollution control equipment, emission test data and
industrial processes to develop emission standards and emission
factors.  He also gave public presentations before the National
Air Pollution Control Techniques Advisory Committee.

Bill worked for a year at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in
1989.  As an environmental engineer there, he had a whirlwind of
responsibilities.  He interpreted air pollution and asbestos
rules and regulations to help ensure compliance for all DOE Oak
Ridge, TN facilities; reviewed construction and operating permit
applications for technical regulatory accuracy; and was
responsible for many other tasks and projects.  He was also
always on-call for accidental environmental releases.

Bill is very happy to be back with EPA, where he returned within
a year.  He now works to develop Alternative Control Techniques
(ACT) documents for NOx control.  He currently oversees the work
of four contractors, of which 9 have or will be developed.  He
evaluates the documents in terms of technical and cost
feasibility.  These technically sound documents provide guidance
for states to develop their own regulations.  Recently, Bill was
requested to review regulations proposed by the United Nations.

Phone calls are a regular part of Bill's day many of which are
CTC Hotline calls concerning NOx control technologies.  Bill
finds the Hotline to be a useful tool for sharing technologies. 
He receives calls from state officials, industry, and all those
curious as to whether they've developed an improved method of
control.

Among his credits are a Special Achievement Award in 1982,
Superior Performance Award in 1991, and a Special Service Award
in 1992.  Bill has coauthored four papers, two of which were
presented at the 1993 Joint Symposium of Stationary Combustion
NOx Control.

Bill finds enjoyment and relaxation in sports and music.  Weather
permitting, he swims daily with his 8-year-old daughter,
Katherine, and plays tennis several times a week.  Bill keeps his
home in Bahama, where he lives with his wife Patricia, piped with
the sounds of soothing country from Mary Chapin-Carpenter and
Emmylou Harris as well as rock from classics like Neil Young.



===============================================================


OOPS!  WE GOOFED!


Sorry, but the document entitled
 
"Guidebook on Explaining 
Environmental Rules to Small 
Businesses" 

has been delayed!  I know we announced that it would be available
some time ago, but it's publication has been unavoidably delayed. 
If you placed an order, rest assured that we still have it and you
will get a copy as soon as it is printed.


=====================================================================


EQUIPMENT LEAKS PROTOCOL REVISED
By Bob Blaszczak, CTC/OAQPS

     The new document "Protocol for Equipment Leak Emission Estimates",
EPA-453/R-93-026, has recently been issued by OAQPS.  It supersedes and
replaces "Protocols for Generating Unit-Specific Emission Estimates for
Equipment Leaks of VOC and VHAP",  EPA-450/3-88-010.  The new
document updates all of the SOCMI emission factors and
correlations in the old protocol.  All estimates of equipment
leaks must use the new factors.  In addition, the new document
includes emission factors for refineries and natural gas plants.
     In order to cut costs, free hard copies will not be
available from OAQPS, but the document is now available for down
loading to your computer on the CHIEF BBS.  CHIEF is part of the
OAQPS Technology Transfer Network (TTN) and can be accessed in
the same manner as the CTC BBS.  See the back page of this news
letter for access information.  Just select CHIEF instead of CTC
from the TTN menu.  Youll find the document under CHIEF/AP-42/Q &
A.  If you still need a hard copy, you can order it through NTIS
by calling (800) 553-6847 and asking for PB93-229219.
     If you have technical questions concerning this document,
call David Markwordt at (919) 541-0837.  If you have questions
concerning the CHIEF BBS and downloading this document, call
Michael Hamlin at (919) 541-5232.


==================================================================


CTC COMPLETES STUDY ON OPEN BURNING OF FIBERGLASS MATERIALS


By Paul Lemieux, AEERL

     The exposure of persons to fiberglass combustion emissions
from structural fires, fires at waste landfills, and fires at
demolition sites has become an issue of increasing concern. 
Prompted by a request from the State of Alaska, EPAs Air and
Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL) performed a
CTC-funded study to identify and quantify a broad range of
pollutants that are discharged from the open combustion of
fiberglass and to report those emissions relative to the mass of
fiberglass material combusted.  
     Small samples of two types of fiberglass materials
(representing the boating and building materials industries) were
combusted in a controlled outbuilding designed to simulate an
open burning process.  Volatile, semivolatile, and
particulate-bound organics were collected and analyzed by gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).  The emphasis of these
analyses was on the quantification of hazardous air pollutants
(HAPs) listed in Title III of the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1990 (CAAA), although further efforts were made to identify and
quantify other major organic components.  Additional sampling and
analysis was done for hydrogen chloride, particulate-phase
metals, and respirable fibers.  Fixed combustion gases (carbon
dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, oxygen, and total
hydrocarbons) were monitored continuously throughout the test
period.  
     Analytical results show substantial emissions of a large
number of pollutants including arsenic, benzene, benzo(a)pyrene,
carbon monoxide, dibenzofuran, lead, naphthalene, particulate,
phenanthrene, phenol, styrene, and toluene.  The final report
titled 
Characterization of Air Emissions from the Simulated Open
Combustion of Fiberglass Materials  is scheduled for release in
October 1993.  Call the CTC HOTLINE or use the CTC BBS to order a
copy of the report.

=================================================================



MACT/CTG/NSPS Schedules


MACT STANDARD                   Proposal     Final
Aerospace (coatings)            7/31/94      7/31/95
Arch./Ind. Coatings             Under Regulatory Neg.
Asbestos                        7/94         5/95
Asbestos Litigation             *1/01/93     12/30/93
Benzene Waste NESHAP Lit.       *3/05/92     12/30/93
Chromium Electroplating         11/30/93     11/23/94
Coke Ovens                      *12/04/92    9/30/93
Commercial Sterilizers          2/28/94      11/23/94
Degreasing (Hal. Sol. Clean.)   11/15/93     11/15/94
Dry Cleaning                    *12/09/91    9/13/93
Haz. Organic NESHAP (HON)       *12/03/93    2/28/94
Haz. Waste TSDF Phase II        *7/22/91     2/28/94
Haz. Waste TSDF Phase III       Schedule under revision
Ind. Cooling Towers             *8/12/93     7/31/94
Magnetic Tape Coating           2/28/94      11/23/94
Marine Vessel (load/unload)     4/30/94      4/30/95
Mun. Waste Comb. II & III       Schedule under revision
Off-site Waste Operations       2/28/94      2/28/95
Petroleum Refineries            6/30/94      6/30/95
Polymers & Resins I             9/6/94       9/5/95
Polymers & Resins II            4/30/94      2/28/95
Polymers & Resins III           12/30/94     12/30/95
Polymers & Resins IV            6/30/94      6/30/95
Pulp & Paper (combustion)       6/30/94      6/30/95
Pulp & Paper (non-comb.)        12/30/94     12/30/95
Secondary Lead Smelters         5/31/94      5/31/95
Shipbuilding (coatings)         7/30/94      7/30/95
Stage I Gasoline Distr.         1/31/94      11/23/94
Wood Furniture Coating          Under Regulatory Neg.

CTG                             Proposal        Final
Aerospace Coatings              7/31/94         7/31/95
Industrial Wastewater           11/30/93        5/30/94
Offset Lithography              11/30/93        11/30/94
Plastic Parts Coating           5/30/94         5/30/95
Shipbuilding (coating)          7/31/94         7/31/95
SOCMI Batch Processes              Project on hold
SOCMI Dist. & Reactors          *12/12/91       *8/31/93
VOL Storage                     9/30/93         9/30/94
Wood Furniture Coating           Under Regulatory Neg.

NSPS                            Proposal        Final
Landfill NSPS & 111(d)          *5/30/91        11/30/93
Med. Waste Inc. NSPS & 111(d)   3/30/94         8/31/95
NOx NSPS Revision (407(c))      5/30/94         5/30/95
SO2 NSPS Revision               5/30/94         5/30/95
SOCMI Reactor NSPS             *1/01/90        *8/31/93
SOCMI Sec. Sources NSPS         8/31/94         8/31/95

  

=================================================================




Evaluation of the POLYAD  FB Air Purification and Solvent 
Recovery Process for Styrene Removal


By Bobby E. Daniel
CTC/AEERL

     The control of styrene is a major concern for many areas of
the country.  One area of styrene emissions is the manufacture of
shower stalls and bathtubs.  There are approximately 200 of these
plants operating in the U.S. emitting uncontrolled styrene to the
atmosphere.  The CTC was contacted by the firm of Weatherly, Inc.
to arrange a field evaluation of a system (the POLYAD FB process)
that is presently being used in Europe to control styrene
emissions to the atmosphere.  This process uses a fluidized bed
adsorption system with macro porous polymer particles as the
adsorbent.  The adsorbent supposedly has excellent adsorption
properties, is easy to regenerate, has a long lifetime, is
insensitive to high moisture airstreams and has no apparent
catalytic effect on solvents. In the POLYAD FB process the
adsorbent continuously migrates from an adsorption section to a
desorption section where the polymer particles are regenerated
and the solvent (styrene) is condensed and recovered. 
     The POLYAD FB mobile unit was evaluated in October 1992, at
a fiberglass shower stall - bath tub manufacturing plant operated
by Eljer Plumbingware located in Wilson, NC.  The mobile unit was
configured to treat a portion (Approx. 200 cfm) of the air
exhaust from a gelcoat spray booth at the Eljer facility.  The
styrene removal efficiency of the POLYAD FB device was measured
using total hydrocarbon (THC) analyzers equipped with Flame
Ionization Detectors (FID) to determine total hydrocarbon levels
on a continuous basis at the inlet and outlet of the device. 
Charcoal filled sampling tubes were used to collect samples of
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) at the inlet and outlet of the
device over time periods ranging from one to two hours.  Styrene
levels in the inlet and outlet gas streams were quantified by
subsequent chromatographic analysis (FID detection) of the VOCs
retained in the charcoal filled sampling tubes.  Preliminary
measurements made on a pre-test survey revealed that virtually
all (>98%) of the organic material exhausted from the gelcoat
spray booth was styrene monomer.  
     The POLYAD FB device demonstrated that the process could
achieve styrene removal efficiencies greater than 90 percent. 
The tests were performed over a three day time period.  During
the first day f testing, when molds were being sprayed, the unit
operated at a styrene removal efficiency of 94 percent or
greater.  During the last day of testing the unit achieved an
average styrene removal efficiency of greater than 96 percent. 
The CTC report contains all the data from the tests along with a
section detailing the cost associated with applying the POLYAD FB
system for styrene removal at the Eljer facility.
     Call the CTC HOTLINE or use the CTC BBS to order a copy of
this report.


Editor Comment:  

     In preparing the CTC report on fiberglass boat
manufacturing, the CTC became aware of a need to identify
emission control options for styrene.  Since that time the CTC
has evaluated the polymer adsorption system described in this
article, is completing a similar evaluation of a styrene
scrubber, and is considering a project to evaluate a
biofiltration system for styrene control.  These efforts are
intended to provide needed information on styrene control options
to air pollution control agencies.  The use or mention of trade
names of commercial products in this article is not intended as
an endorsement or recommendation by the CTC or EPA for their use.



==================================================================



SBAP Bulletin Board System (BBS) - INPUT DATA NEEDED!


     The SBAP BBS is scheduled to be available in the Fall of
1993.  This system will be the primary mechanism for States and
EPA to share information on small business activities and
available materials.  A number of State SBAPs have already
indicated that they have several items to share with their
colleagues.  
     We would like to have as much information as possible on the
SBAP BBS when it comes on-line.  To do this, we need a little
help from the State SBAPs.  If you have any items you wish to
have placed on the SBAP BBS, please send us the following
information:
     Subject of materials (specific industry, general guidance,
          etc.)
     Type of information available (brochure, report, video,
          opportunity for a coordinated effort, etc.)
     Short description of materials/project
     Status of project (early planning, under development,
          available for distribution, etc.)
     Contact, agency name, and telephone number for more
          information.

     We would also like to include readable/downloadable files on
the SBAP BBS.  If you can provide a floppy disk with the
materials you wish to share in an ASCII text file, we can make it
available directly on the SBAP BBS.  This would save us all a
number of phone calls and questions, as well as provide detailed
information to those who need it as quickly as possible.  Once
the SBAP BBS is well established, new materials for addition to
the system will be submitted directly through the BBS itself.
     Help us get the new SBAP BBS off to a quick and useful
start!  Send your contributions to:

          Deb Elmore 
          (MD-13)
          Federal SBAP 
          Coordinator
          U.S. EPA
          RTP, NC  27711

Thanks for your help!

-----------------------------------


National Workshops Scheduled
(Just a Reminder!)

 SBAP Technical Assistance Conference
     The First Annual National Small Business Technical
Assistance Conference will be held during January 1994, in
Research Triangle Park (RTP), NC.  This conference is being
hosted by the CTC, as part of our role as focal point of the
Federal SBAP.  The workshop is intended primarily for State SBAP
personnel, and will focus specifically on issues and activities
related to the technical assistance function.  
     If you have any questions, comments, or suggestions on
agenda topics, please contact Deb Elmore at (919) 541-5437.  Stay
tuned for further information, and see you in January!

----------------------------------


 SBAP Ombudsman Conference

     The First Annual State Small Business Ombudsman Conference
is scheduled for November 3-4, 1993 in Washington, DC.  For more
information on this conference, please call Karen Brown at (703) 
305-5938.


=====================================================================



TECH NOTEBOOK:  Does Your UNZIPper Get Stuck?

By Lyndon Cox, Senior Environmental Employee, AEERL

     We at the Hotline use PKZIP to compress our downloadable
files because the shorter files download quicker and therefore
reduce telephone traffic congestion and your telephone bills. 
Some of our Hotline callers have had difficulty in UNZIPping our
compressed files.  What could be the problem?  It was a mystery
to us because we were not having problems.  To solve the mystery,
we had to follow clues.
     
Clue number one: Most of these calls have been for SAGE, which
was recently distributed as a compressed ZIP file.
     
When installed according to the instructions in SAGE.TXT, SAGE
has worked smoothly.  This has been done numerous times.  
     
Clue number two: The Hotline callers have not always read the
instructions.
     
Of course, while some people read the instructions, they fail to
observe the details.  Please read the instructions carefully and
follow them explicitly.  SAGE needs to be loaded into its own
directory on the root drive (i.e., C:\SAGE).  Three files must be
there: SAGE.ZIP, PKUNZIP.EXE, and SAGE.TXT.  You UNZIP into the
same directory.
     One cause of ZIP and UNZIP problems has been the use of
improper syntax in decompressing the files.  

TIP - The ZIP file must be designated by the first pathname, as
in:

     PKUNZIP A:SAGE.ZIP C:\SAGE

If you do this, there should be no problem.  
     
Clue number three: doing this has not always solved the problem.
     Clue number four: A caller asked which version of PKUNZIP we
used.  
     While we now use version 2.04g, we used version 1.1 until
recently, and we discovered that the caller used a still earlier
version.  Some of the SAGE files PKZIPped under version 1.1 were
not decompressing for the caller.  Files PKZIPped with version
2.04g will not UNZIP with any previous versions.  If you get a 
Warning  message, you need to use PKUNZIP version 2.04g.  Please
note that PKUNZIP.EXE version 2.04g is now available for download
from the BBS.  Use it.  Try to use only the highest upgrade
version of PKUNZIP.  If you have an archives of compressed files
for backup, either keep a copy of the appropriate PKUNZIP with
them or upgrad the archives to PKZIP version 2.04g.  Note:
PKUNZIP version 2.04g will UNZIP files ZIPped by all previous
versions.
     Of course, an error in transmission when downloading can
also lead to a problem in PKUNZIPping.  That is one reason for
using an error detecting (if not correcting) code such as XMODEM
in downloading from the BBS. 
     If you are having problems with PKUNZIP, read the
instructions, follow them explicitly, avoid errors in the
download, watch your syntax, and use the highest version.  That
should get you ZIPping along again.


====================================================================



Control Technology Center NEWS

     The CTC NEWS is a quarterly publication of the U.S.EPAs Control Technology Center
(CTC).  The CTC is an informal, easy-to-use, no cost, technical assistance service for all State
and local (S/l) air pollution control agency and EPA Regional Office staffs.  For others, some
services may be on a cost reimbursable basis.  The CTC offers quick access to EPA experts and
expertise via the CTC HOTLINE and the CTC Bulletin Board, and in-depth technical support
through source specific Engineering Assistance Projects or more generic Technical Guidance
Projects.  The CTC is operated by the Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, Office
of Research and Development, and the Emission Standards Division, Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
     If you have any air pollution emission or control questions, or would like more information
about the CTC and the types of technical assistance available, CALL THE CTC HOTLINE!

(919) 541-0800

Publication of the CTC NEWS does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the U.S.EPA, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
No cost assistance to staff of State and Local agencies and EPA Regional Offices on air pollution
control technology issues.




=========================================================================

CTC SERVICES


CTC HOTLINE:  CALL (919) 541-0800 to access EPA expert staff for
consultations, references to pertinent literature, or access to EPA
technical data and analyses.  No question is too simple!

ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE PROJECTS:  If you need in-depth assistance concerning a
specific control technology problem, call the  HOTLINE or write the CTC.  EPA
staff and contractors are available for short-term projects such as review of
proposed or existing control technology applications.  Projects are subject
to CTC Steering Committee approval.

TECHNICAL GUIDANCE PROJECTS:  If the CTC receives a number of similar HOTLINE
calls or a joint request from a group of agencies, the CTC Steering
Committee may undertake broad, long-term projects of national or regional
interest.  The result may be a control technology document for a particular
type of source, microcomputer software, or seminars and workshops.

CTC BBS:Call (919) 541-5742 for 1200/2400/9600 baud modem to access the CTC
Bulletin Board.  Set communications parameters to 8 data bits, N parity,
and 1 stop bit, and use a terminal emulation of VT100, VT102, or ANSI.  You
may leave HOTLINE requests, order documents, suggest projects, and download
software.  The BBS is part of the OAQPS Technology Transfer Network (TTN).

FEDERAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (FSBAP):  Call the CTC HOTLINE to
access the FSBAP.  The CTC is the focal point for coordination of efforts
among the four EPA centers participating in the program.  The Federal program
is intended to support State Small Business Assistance Programs, as required
by the Clean Air Act.

RACT/BACT/LAER CLEARINGHOUSE (RBLC):  The RBLC database (BLIS) is available
on the OAQPS TTN BBS.  (See the CTC BBS for connection information.) The
Clearinghouse provides summary information for control technology
determinations made by permitting agencies.
  
GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GASES TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTER (GGGTTC): Call the
CTC HOTLINE to access GGGTTC information on greenhouse gas emissions,
prevention, mitigation, and control strategies.



====================================================

END OF OCTOBER 1993 CTC NEWS
