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  2. Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP)

Substitutes in Residential and Light Commercial Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps

You may need a PDF reader to view some of the files on this page. See EPA’s About PDF page to learn more. Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of environmental and health risks, including factors such as ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, toxicity, flammability, and exposure potential. Lists of acceptableThis designation means that a substitute may be used, without restriction, to replace the relevant ODS within the end-use specified. For example, HCFC-22 is an acceptable substitute for R-502 in industrial process refrigeration. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. and unacceptableThis designation means that it is illegal to use a product as a substitute for an ODS in a specific end-use. For example, HCFC-141b is an unacceptable substitute for CFC-11 in building chillers. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. substitutes are updated several times each year. The list of substitutes is shown below.

Many acceptable substitutes under SNAP may be restricted under the Technology Transitions Program. For more information on Technology Transitions Program restrictions, visit: https://www.epa.gov/climate-hfcs-reduction/technology-transitions-program

Note: SNAP-related information published in the Federal Register takes precedence over all information on this page.

Filters              
Substitute Trade Name(s) Retrofit/New ODPA number that refers to the amount of ozone depletion caused by a substance. The ODP is the ratio of the impact on ozone of a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of CFC-11. Thus, the ODP of CFC-11 is defined to be 1.0. Other CFCs and HCFCs have ODPs that range from 0.01 to 1.0. The halons have ODPs ranging up to 10. Carbon tetrachloride has an ODP of 1.2, and methyl chloroform's ODP is 0.11. HFCs have zero ODP because they do not contain chlorine. A table of all ozone-depleting substances (https://www3.epa.gov/ozone/science/ods/index.html) shows their ODPs, GWPs, and CAS numbers. GWPThe index used to translate the level of emissions of various gases into a common measure in order to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emissions of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time (usually 100 years). Gases involved in complex atmospheric chemical processes have not been assigned GWPs. See lifetime. ASHRAEASHRAE is an international organization that establishes standards for the uniform testing and rating of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration equipment. It also conducts related research, disseminates publications, and provides continuing education to its members.
Designation
(Safety
Classification) [1]
SNAP Listing Date Listing Status
Ammonia Absorption   N 0 0 B2 September 5, 1996 Acceptable
Desiccant Cooling   N 0 N/A N/A September 5, 1996;
June 16, 2010
Acceptable
Evaporative Cooling   N 0 N/A N/A September 5, 1996 Acceptable
HFC-134a   R/N 0 1,430 A1 June 16, 2010:
July 21, 2017
Acceptable
HFC-32   N 0 675 A2L April 10, 2015; May 6, 2021; April 28, 2023 Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rules for detailed conditions.
R-417C Hot Shot 2 R 0 1,820 A1 October 4, 2011 Acceptable
R-125/R-134a/R-600a (28.1/70.0/1.9) NU-22 old composition R/N 0 1,990 A1 June 16, 2010 Acceptable
R-125/R-290/R-134a/R-600a (55.0/1.0/42.5/1.5) ICOR AT-22 R/N 0 2,530 A1 March 29, 2006 Acceptable
R-1270 (Propylene)   N 0 1.8 A3 December 1, 2016 Unacceptable, as of January 3, 2017.
R-290 (Propane)   N 0 3 A3 April 10, 2015 Acceptable with Use Conditions: For use in self-contained room air conditioning; see rule for detailed conditions.
R-404A SUVA HP-62 R/N 0 3,920 A1 December 20, 2002 Acceptable
R-407A Klea 60, Klea 407A R/N 0 2,110 A1 January 2, 2009 Acceptable
R-407C Suva 407C, Klea 407C R/N 0 1,770 A1 February 8, 1996;
December 20, 2002;
August 21, 2003
Acceptable
R-407F Genetron Performax LT R/N 0 1,820 A1 October 4, 2011 Acceptable
R-410A AZ-20, Suva 9100, Puron N 0 2,090 A1 February 8, 1996;
December 20, 2002
Acceptable
R-410B   N 0 2,230 A1 February 8, 1996 Acceptable
R-417A ISCEON 59, NU-22 R/N 0 2,350 A1 December 6, 1999;
June 16, 2010
Acceptable
R-421A Choice R-421A R/N 0 2,630 A1 September 28, 2006 Acceptable
R-422B ICOR XAC1, NU-22B R/N 0 2,530 A1 March 29, 2006 Acceptable
R-422C ICOR XLT1 R/N 0 3,390 A1 March 29, 2006 Acceptable
R-422D ISCEON MO29 R/N 0 2,730 A1 September 28, 2006 Acceptable
R-424A RS-44 R/N 0 2,440 A1 September 28, 2006 Acceptable
R-427A Forane 427A R 0 2,140 A1 January 2, 2009 Acceptable
R-434A RS-45 R/N 0 3,250 A1 October 4, 2007 Acceptable
R-437A KDD6, ISCEON MO49 Plus R/N 0 1,810 A1 January 2, 2009;
June 16, 2010
Acceptable
R-438A KDD5, ISCEON MO99 R/N 0 2,270 A1 October 4, 2007;
June 16, 2010
Acceptable
R-441A   N 0 <5 A3 April 10, 2015 Acceptable with Use Conditions: For use in self-contained room air conditioning; see rule for detailed conditions.
R-443A   N 0 2.5 A3 December 1, 2016 Unacceptable, as of January 3, 2017.
R-507, R-507A AZ-50 R/N 0 3,990 A1 September 5, 1996;
December 20, 2002
Acceptable
RS-44 (2003 formulation)   R/N 0 2,420 A1 June 16, 2010 Acceptable
THR-03   R/N 0 N/A A1 December 6, 1999 Acceptable with Use Conditions: For use in residential window unit air conditioning.
R-458A Bluon TdX 20 R 0 1,650 A1 July 21, 2017 Acceptable
R-452B Opteon™ XL55 N 0 700 A2L May 6, 2021 Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions.
R-454A Opteon™ XL40 N 0 240 A2L May 6, 2021 Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions.
R-454B Opteon™ XL41 N 0 470 A2L May 6, 2021 Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions.
R-454C Opteon™ XL20 N 0 150 A2L May 6, 2021 Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions.
R-457A Forane® 457A N 0 140 A2L May 6, 2021 Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions.
R-513A Opteon® XP-10 N 0 630 A1 December 11, 2024 Acceptable in self-contained units. 

1 All refrigerants identified as or otherwise meeting the criteria for flammability Class 3 in American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 34–2013 are listed as Unacceptable for use in retrofit unitary split air conditioning systems and heat pumps as of January 3, 2017 (see SNAP Final Rule 21 for more details). All refrigerants meeting the criteria for flammability Class 3 include, but are not limited to, R-170 (ethane), R-290 (propane), R-600a (isobutane), R-1270 (propylene), R-441A, R-443A and refrigerant products sold under the names R-22a, 22a, Blue Sky 22a refrigerant, Coolant Express 22a, DURACOOL-22a, EC-22, Ecofreeez EF-22a, Envirosafe 22a, ES-22a, Frost 22a, HC-22a, Maxi-Fridge, MX-22a, Oz-Chill 22a, Priority Cool, and RED TEK 22a.

Back to the Refrigeration and Air Conditioning sector page.

Contact Us About the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on December 20, 2024
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