Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

Dot gov

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

HTTPS

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Emergency

This is not the current EPA website. To navigate to the current EPA website, please go to www.epa.gov. This website is historical material reflecting the EPA website as it existed on January 19, 2025. This website is no longer updated and links to external websites and some internal pages may not work. More information »

    • Environmental Topics
    • Air
    • Bed Bugs
    • Cancer
    • Chemicals, Toxics, and Pesticide
    • Climate Change
    • Emergency Response
    • Environmental Information by Location
    • Environmental Justice
    • Greener Living
    • Health
    • Land, Waste, and Cleanup
    • Lead
    • Mold
    • Radon
    • Research
    • Science Topics
    • Water Topics
    • A-Z Topic Index
    • Laws & Regulations
    • By Business Sector
    • By Topic
    • Compliance
    • Enforcement
    • Laws and Executive Orders
    • Regulations
    • Report a Violation
    • Environmental Violations
    • Fraud, Waste or Abuse
    • About EPA
    • Our Mission and What We Do
    • Headquarters Offices
    • Regional Offices
    • Labs and Research Centers
    • Planning, Budget, and Results
    • Organization Chart
    • EPA History
    • Staff Directory

Breadcrumb

  1. Home
  2. Ports Initiative

Environmental Justice Primer for Ports: References

icons ej primer home button
icons ej primer section A button
icons ej primer section B button
icons ej primer step 1 button
icons ej primer step 2 button
icons ej primer step 3 button
icons ej primer step 4 button
icons ej primer step 5 button
icons ej primer step 6 button
icons ej primer appendix

On this page:

  • Section A
    • Introduction
    • Defining Environmental Justice
    • Impacts of Port Operations and Goods Movement
    • Considering Near-Port Communities in Port Decisions
    • Effective Community Engagement Methods   
    • Collaborative Problem Solving
    • Planning and Decision-Making Tools
  • Section B
    • Step 3: Identify Community Concerns and Goals

Many of the following links exit the site


Section A

Introduction

1.  Willard, Bob. 2012. The New Sustainability Advantage, Seven Business Case Benefits of a Triple Bottom Line. pp. 2-6. Gabriola

Defining Environmental Justice

2. Natural Resources Defense Council. 2016. The Environmental Justice Movement. Retrieved from https://www.nrdc.org/stories/environmental-justice-movement
3. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. About Smart Growth. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/about-smart-growth
4. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. Environmental Justice. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice
5. University of Washington. 2016. Definitions of Environmental Justice. Retrieved from http://deohs.washington.edu/environmental-justice#defEJ
6. EJnet.org: Web Resources for Environmental Justice Activists. 1991. Principles of Environmental Justice. Retrieved from https://www.ejnet.org/ej/principles.html
7. University of Washington. 2016. Definitions of Environmental Justice. Retrieved from http://deohs.washington.edu/environmental-justice#defEJ
8. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Equitable Development and Environmental Justice. https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice/equitable-development-and-environmental-justice
9. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. About Smart Growth. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/about-smart-growth
10. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. EPA’s Report on the Environment. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/report-environment/sustainability-and-roe
11. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Smart Growth. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth
12. Beder, Sharon. 1996. The Nature of Sustainable Development, 2nd edition. Retrieved from https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/10096250?q&versionId=45630594
13. Urban Sustainability Director’s Network, 2014.  Equity in Sustainability: An Equity Scan of Local Government Equity Programs. Retrieved from http://usdn.org/uploads/cms/documents/usdn_equity_scan_sept_2014_final.pdf (PDF)  (74 pp, 1.6 MB, About PDF)

Impacts of Port Operations and Goods Movement

14. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. Near Roadway Air Pollution and Health: Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi/P100NFFD.PDF?Dockey=P100NFFD.PDF (PDF) (9 pp, 503 K)
15. Natural Resources Defense Council. 2004. Harboring Pollution: Strategies to Clean Up U.S. Ports. p. 15. Retrieved from https://www.nrdc.org/resources/harboring-pollution-dirty-truth-about-us-ports

Considering Near-Port Communities in Port Decisions

16. Council on Environmental Quality. 2007. Citizens Guide to the NEPA. Retrieved from https://ceq.doe.gov/docs/get-involved/Citizens_Guide_Dec07.pdf (PDF) (55 pp, 950 K)
17. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Promising Practices for EJ Methodologies in NEPA.  Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice/ej-iwg-promising-practices-ej-methodologies-nepa-reviews
18. National Archives. 1994. Executive Order 12898 - Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations. Federal Register. Retrieved from https://www.archives.gov/files/federal-register/executive-orders/pdf/12898.pdf (PDF) (5 pp, 20 K)
19. National Cooperative Freight Research Program. 2014. Sustainability Strategies Addressing Supply-Chain Air Emissions. Retrieved from http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/170749.aspx 

Effective Community Engagement Methods        

20. International Association of Public Participation. 2007. IAP2 Spectrum of Public Participation. Retrieved from https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.iap2.org/resource/resmgr/Communications/A3_P2_Pillars_brochure.pdf (PDF) (2 pp, 3.6 MB)

Collaborative Problem Solving

21. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. EPA’s Environmental Justice Collaborative Problem-Solving Model. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-02/documents/cps-manual-12-27-06.pdf (PDF) (44 pp, 1.3 MB)
22. PowerSwitch Action. 2019. Community Benefits Agreement. Retrieved from https://www.powerswitchaction.org/resources/community-benefits-agreements
23. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2011. Environmental Justice Collaborative Problem-Solving (CPS) Model. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-04/documents/ejproblemcollaborativesolvingmodel.pdf (PDF) (44 pp, 1.2 MB)
24. Ansell, Chris and Gash, Alison. 2007. Collaborative Governance in Theory and Practice. 
25. The Asset Based Community Development Institute. 2013. A Basic Guide to ABCD Community Organizing. Retrieved from https://resources.depaul.edu/abcd-institute/publications/publications-by-topic/Documents/A%20Basic%20Guide%20to%20ABCD%20Community%20Organizing(3).pdf (PDF) (20 pp, 499 K)

Planning and Decision-Making Tools

26. Community-Based Participatory Research: A Strategy for Building Healthy Communities and Promoting Health through Policy Change. Retrieved from https://www.policylink.org/sites/default/files/CBPR.pdf (PDF)(60 pp, 2.1 MB)

Section B

Step 3: Identify Community Concerns and Goals


« Environmental Justice Primer for Ports Appendix
 

Ports Initiative

  • About EPA Ports Initiative
  • Funding
    • Clean Ports Program
    • Funding Opportunities
    • Tips For a Successful Application
    • DERA Grants Awarded for Port Projects
  • Best Clean Air Practices
    • Case Studies
    • SmartWay
  • Technical Resources
    • Ports and Goods Movement Emission Inventories
    • National Port Strategy Assessment
    • EPA and Port Everglades Partnership
    • Shore Power Technology
  • Educational Events
  • Community-Port Collaboration
Contact Us About the EPA Ports Initiative
Contact Us About the EPA Ports Initiative to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on December 19, 2024
  • Assistance
  • Ayuda
  • Arabic
  • Chinese (simplified)
  • Chinese (traditional)
  • Aide
  • Asistans
  • Korean
  • Assistência
  • Russian
  • Tulong
  • Vietnamese
United States Environmental Protection Agency

Discover.

  • Accessibility Statement
  • Budget & Performance
  • Contracting
  • EPA www Web Snapshot
  • Grants
  • No FEAR Act Data
  • Plain Writing
  • Privacy
  • Privacy and Security Notice

Connect.

  • Data
  • Inspector General
  • Jobs
  • Newsroom
  • Regulations.gov
  • Subscribe
  • USA.gov
  • White House

Ask.

  • Contact EPA
  • EPA Disclaimers
  • Hotlines
  • FOIA Requests
  • Frequent Questions

Follow.